Intshayelelo: Iinkomo zigqunywa ngantoni?
Iinkomo zezinye zezilwanyana ezifuywayo eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele. Baziwa ngokuvelisa ubisi, inyama, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifana nesikhumba. Iimazi zinezigqubuthelo ezahlukeneyo emizimbeni yazo, nto leyo eyikhuselayo kwindawo erhabaxa kwaye inceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bemizimba yazo. Ezona zinto zithathu zigqunyiweyo ziinkomo ziinwele, ulusu neempondo.
Iinwele: Isigqubuthelo sokuqala senkomo
Iinwele zezona zigqumayo iimazi kwaye zifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba wazo. Sesinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokugquma njengoko ikhusela iinkomo kwizinto zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ingqele, imvula kunye nomoya. Ubukhulu, umbala, ubude, kunye nokumila koboya benkomo kuyashiyana ngokuxhomekeke kwinzala kunye nendawo eziphuma kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkomo zineenwele ezimfutshane, ezisicaba kwaye zigudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zineenwele ezinde, ezirhabaxa ezinokunceda ukuzigcina zifudumele kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoboya benkomo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenwele zenkomo-ephambili kunye neyesibini. Iinwele eziziiprayimari, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziinwele zomlindi, lolona maleko lungaphandle lweenwele olona lukhulu kwaye lude. Ikhusela i-undercoat, eyenziwe ngeenwele zesibini. Iinwele zesibini zimfutshane, zicolekile, kwaye zithambile kuneenwele zokuqala. Isebenza njenge-insulator kwaye inceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba. Iinkomo ezikhuliswe kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo zidla ngokuba neenwele ezimfutshane, ezibhityileyo ukuzinceda ukuba ziphole ngokukhawuleza.
Indima yeenwele kwi-physiology yenkomo
Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokulawula ubushushu, uboya benkomo bukwadlala indima ekuboneni kwabo ngokweemvakalelo. Uboya bunceda iinkomo ukuba zive xa zibamba, uxinzelelo, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu. Ikwadlala indima kunxibelelwano lwentlalo phakathi kweenkomo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkomo zisebenzisa imisila yazo ukuze zigxothe iimpukane, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba azikhululekanga. Ngokophando, iinkomo ezinoboya obude zineengxaki zempilo ezimbalwa xa zithelekiswa neenkomo ezinoboya obufutshane.
Ulusu: Esinye isigqubuthelo senkomo esibalulekileyo
Ulusu sesinye isigqubuthelo esibalulekileyo semazi esikhusela kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana nemikrwelo, amanxeba, kunye nezifo. Ulusu lwenkomo lwenziwe ngamaleko amabini- i-epidermis kunye nedermis. Iepidermis ngowona maleko ungaphandle kwesikhumba, obonelela ngomqobo okhuselayo, ngoxa idermis ingumaleko otyebileyo, ongaphakathi onamadlala ombilo, iifollicles zeenwele kunye neziphetho zemithambo-luvo. Ulusu lwenkomo lukwanemelanin, enceda ekukhuseleni ulusu kwiziphumo eziyingozi zemitha yeUV.
Ubume kunye nomsebenzi wesikhumba senkomo
Ulusu lwenkomo lujiyile kunolusu lomntu kwaye lunomthamo ophezulu wecollagen. I-collagen inceda ekugcineni i-elasticity kunye namandla olusu. Ulusu lwenkomo lukwanamadlala amdaka avelisa ioyile ezithambisa ulusu kwaye zilugcine lumanzi. Ezi oyile zikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukukhuhlana phakathi kolusu kunye neenwele, ukuthintela ukukrazuka kolusu. Ulusu nalo ludlala indima kwi-thermoregulation ngokunciphisa okanye ukuxinzelela imithambo yegazi ekuphenduleni utshintsho lobushushu.
Ukubaluleka kwempilo yolusu kwiinkomo
Ulusu oluphilileyo lubalulekile kwiinkomo njengoko luzikhusela kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukukrazula, kunye namanxeba. Nawuphi na umonakalo eluswini unokukhokelela kusulelo kunye neminye imiba yezempilo. Ukuzilungisa rhoqo, ukutya okufanelekileyo, kunye neemeko zokuhlala ezicocekileyo kunokunceda ekugcineni ulusu lwenkomo lusempilweni. Naziphi na iimpawu zezifo zesikhumba okanye izifo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza ngugqirha wezilwanyana.
Iimpondo: Imazi yenkomo eyahlukileyo
Iimpondo zezinye zezinto ezigqunyiweyo zemazi kwaye zifumaneka kwinkunzi nemazi. Zenziwe ngekeratin, iprotheni efanayo eyenza iinwele kunye nezikhonkwane. Iimpondo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa, intsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye nokulawula ubushushu. Bakwadlala indima ekusekeni imigangatho yolawulo phakathi kweenkomo.
Injongo kunye nokukhula kweempondo zenkomo
Iimpondo zenkomo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokwemba, ukukrwela, kunye nokuzilungisa. Baphinde badlale indima kwi-thermoregulation ngokuncedisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Iimpondo zenkomo zikhula ngokuqhubekayo kubo bonke ubomi bazo, kwaye zinokukhula zibe ziimitha ezininzi ubude kwezinye iindidi. Isantya sokukhula kweempondo siyahluka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwenkomo, ubudala, kunye nesondlo senkomo.
Ezinye izigqubuthelo zenkomo: Iimpuphu kunye nemisila
Iimpuphu kunye nemisila zezinye izigqubuthelo zeenkomo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle yazo. Iimpuphu zenziwe ngekeratin kwaye zikhusela iinyawo zenkomo kukwenzakala kunye nosulelo. Ukhathalelo olululo lwempuphu lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuqhwalela kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nophuphu. Imisila isetyenziselwa ukutshatisa iimpukane, ukubonakalisa ukungonwabi, kunye nokulungelelanisa ngelixa umile.
Ukuqukumbela: Izigqubuthelo ezahlukeneyo zeenkomo
Ukuqukumbela, iinkomo zinezigqubuthelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezizikhuselayo kwizinto zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo kwaye zilawule ubushushu bomzimba wazo. Iinwele, ulusu, iimpondo, iimpuphu kunye nomsila zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yenkomo nakwintlalontle. Ukhathalelo olululo kunye nengqalelo kufuneka inikwe kwezi zigqubuthelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkomo zihlala zisempilweni kwaye zikhululekile.
Iireferensi kunye nokufunda ngakumbi
- Inzululwazi yezilwanyana: Inkqubo yokugaya kunye nesondlo seenkomo. (n.d.). Ibuyiselwe ngoDisemba 22, 2021, ukusuka ku-https://extension.psu.edu/digestive-system-and-nutrition-of-cattle
- UHarris, D. L. (2005). Impilo yenkomo yenkomo kunye nemveliso. I-Blackwell Pub.
- Klemm, R. D. (2010). Ukuziphatha kwenkomo kunye nentlalontle. Wiley-Blackwell.
- UKrause, K. M. (2006). I-physiology yokuzala kwinkomo. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Smith, B. P. (2014). Amayeza angaphakathi esilwanyana esikhulu. Mosby.
