Isigeniso: Izinkomo zimbozwa ngani?
Izinkomo zingesinye sezilwane ezifuywayo ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Baziwa ngokukhiqiza ubisi, inyama, kanye neminye imikhiqizo efana nesikhumba. Izinkomo zinezimbobo ezihlukahlukene emizimbeni yazo, ezizivikela ezindaweni ezinokhahlo futhi zisize ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo. Izembozo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkomo uboya, isikhumba, nezimpondo.
Izinwele: Isembozo sokuqala sezinkomo
Izinwele ziyizimbozo eziyinhloko zezinkomo futhi zitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wazo. Ingenye yezembozo ezibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ivikela izinkomo ezintweni zangaphandle zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, amakhaza, imvula nomoya. Ukujiya, umbala, ubude, kanye nokuma kwezinwele zenkomo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo ezikuzo. Ngokuvamile, izinkomo zinezinwele ezimfushane, eziyisicaba futhi ezibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zinezinwele ezinde, eziqinile ezingasiza ukuzigcina zifudumele ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinwele zenkomo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinwele zenkomo- primary and secondary. Izinwele eziyinhloko, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinwele zonogada, ungqimba olungaphandle lwezinwele oluwugqinsi futhi olude kakhulu. Ivikela i-undercoat, eyakhiwe izinwele zesibili. Izinwele zesibili zifushane, zicolekile, futhi zithambile kunezinwele zokuqala. Isebenza njenge-insulator futhi isiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba. Izinkomo ezikhuliswe ezindaweni ezifudumele ngokuvamile zinezinwele ezimfushane, ezincanyana ukuze ziphole ngokushesha.
Iqhaza lezinwele ku-cow physiology
Ngaphandle kokunikeza isivikelo nokulawula izinga lokushisa, uboya benkomo budlala indima ekuboneni kwabo izinzwa. Izinwele zisiza izinkomo ukuthi zizwe ukuthintwa, ukucindezela, nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Iphinde ibe neqhaza ekuxhumaneni komphakathi phakathi kwezinkomo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkomo zisebenzisa imisila yazo ukuze zisuse izimpukane, okubonisa ukuthi azikhululekile. Ngokocwaningo, izinkomo ezinoboya obude zinezinkinga ezimbalwa zempilo uma ziqhathaniswa nezinkomo ezinezinwele ezimfishane.
Isikhumba: Esinye isimbozo senkomo esibalulekile
Isikhumba singesinye isembozo esibalulekile sezinkomo esinikeza ukuvikeleka ezintweni ezingaphandle ezifana nemihuzuko, izilonda, nezifo. Isikhumba senkomo sakhiwe ngezingqimba ezimbili- i-epidermis ne-dermis. I-epidermis iwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lwesikhumba, olunikeza umgoqo oyisivikelo, kuyilapho i-dermis iwugqinsi, ungqimba lwangaphakathi oluqukethe izindlala zomjuluko, izicubu zezinwele, neziphetho zemizwa. Isikhumba senkomo sine-melanin, esiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba emiphumeleni eyingozi yemisebe ye-UV.
Ukwakheka kanye nomsebenzi wesikhumba senkomo
Isikhumba senkomo sijiyile kunesikhumba somuntu futhi sinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-collagen. I-collagen isiza ekugcineni ukunwebeka namandla esikhumba. Isikhumba senkomo sibuye sibe nezindlala ze-sebaceous ezikhiqiza amafutha athambisa isikhumba futhi asigcine simanzi. Lawa mafutha asiza futhi ekwehliseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesikhumba nezinwele, avimbele imihuzuko yesikhumba. Isikhumba siphinde sibe nendima ekunciphiseni ukushisa ngokuvula noma ukuvala imithambo yegazi ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukubaluleka kwempilo yesikhumba ezinkomeni
Isikhumba esinempilo sibalulekile ezinkomeni njengoba sivikela izifo ezihlukahlukene, imihuzuko namanxeba. Noma yimuphi umonakalo esikhumbeni ungaholela ezifweni kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ukuzilungisa njalo, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nezimo zokuhlala ezihlanzekile kungasiza ekugcineni isikhumba esinempilo ezinkomo. Noma yiziphi izimpawu zezifo zesikhumba noma izifo kufanele ziqondiswe ngokushesha ngudokotela wezilwane.
Izimpondo: Inkomo eyisimbozo ehlukile
Izimpondo zingenye yezembozo ezihluke kakhulu zezinkomo futhi zitholakala kuzo zombili izinkomo zesilisa nensikazi. Zenziwe nge-keratin, iphrotheni efanayo eyenza izinwele nezinzipho. Izimpondo zisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ukuxhumana nomphakathi, nokulawula ukushisa. Baphinde babambe iqhaza ekusunguleni izigaba zokubusa phakathi kwezinkomo.
Inhloso nokukhula kwezimpondo zenkomo
Izimpondo zenkomo zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezehlukene njengokumba, ukunwaya nokulungisa. Baphinde babambe iqhaza ku-thermoregulation ngokusiza ekuqedeni ukushisa. Ukukhula kwezimpondo zenkomo kuqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, futhi zingakhula zibe amamitha amaningana ubude kwezinye izinhlobo. Izinga lokukhula kwezimpondo liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, ubudala, nokudla kwenkomo.
Ezinye izembatho zenkomo: Izinselo nemisila
Izinselo nemisila ezinye izembozo zezinkomo ezidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yazo. Izinselo zenziwe nge-keratin futhi zivikela izinyawo zezinkomo ekulimaleni nasezifweni. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwenselo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuga nezinye izifo ezihlobene nezinselo. Imisila isetshenziselwa ukusunduza izimpukane, ukukhombisa ukungakhululeki, nokulinganisa ngenkathi umile.
Isiphetho: Izembozo ezihlukahlukene zezinkomo
Sengiphetha, izinkomo zinezimbobo ezihlukene ezizivikela ezintweni ezingaphandle kwemvelo futhi zilawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo. Izinwele, isikhumba, izimpondo, izinselo, nemisila kunendima ebalulekile empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yenkomo. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokunaka kufanele kunikezwe lezi zimbozo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinkomo zihlala ziphilile futhi zinethezekile.
Izinkomba nokufundwa okuqhubekayo
- Isayensi Yezilwane: Uhlelo Lokugaya Ukudla kanye Nokudla Kwezinkomo. (n.d.). Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-22 Disemba 2021, kusukela ku-https://extension.psu.edu/digestive-system-and-nutrition-of-cattle
- Harris, D. L. (2005). Impilo nokukhiqizwa kwezinkomo zenyama. I-Blackwell Pub.
- Klemm, R. D. (2010). Ukuziphatha nenhlalakahle yezinkomo. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Krause, K. M. (2006). I-physiology yokukhiqiza izinkomo. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Smith, B. P. (2014). Umuthi omkhulu wangaphakathi wezilwane. Mosby.
