Izinyoka zommbila (i-Pantherophis guttatus) ziyizinyoka ezifuywayo ezithandwayo nezikhangayo, ezaziwa ngosayizi wazo olawulekayo, imvelo ethambile, nokuhlukahluka kwemibala emihle. Ukuqonda indlela izinyoka zommbila eziziphatha ngayo nezindlela zokusebenza kubalulekile ekunakekelweni kwazo okufanele nempilo yazo. Umbuzo owodwa ojwayelekile ovame ukuvela phakathi kwabafuyi nabashisekayo wukuthi ingabe izinyoka zombila zihamba ebusuku. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola amaphethini omsebenzi kanye nokuziphatha kwezinyoka zommbila, okuhlanganisa nokuthambekela kwazo kokuhlwa nokuhlwa.
Izisekelo Zenyoka Yommbila
Ngaphambi kokungena esihlokweni samaphethini omsebenzi wenyoka yommbila, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici ezithile ezibalulekile zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
Izinyoka zommbila zitholakala eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Bahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa amahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, nezakhiwo ezingasasebenzi. Ibanga labo lemvelo likhulu kakhulu, libavumela ukuthi bazivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene.
Izici Physical
Izinyoka zommbila ziyizinyoka ezinosayizi omaphakathi, kanti abantu abadala ngokuvamile bafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamafidi amathathu kuya kwangu-3. Zinemizimba emincane emincane futhi zaziwa ngamaphethini azo ombala agqamile futhi ahlukahlukene. Igama labo elithi "corn snake" kucatshangwa ukuthi lisuka ekufaneni kwezikali zesisu kuya kummbila wamaNdiya noma ummbila.
Ukuziphatha
Izinyoka zommbila ngokuvamile zithambile futhi azijwayele ukuba nolaka. Bangabaqwali abanekhono futhi bangase babaleke ezindaweni ezivalekile uma bengaqukethwe ngokuvikelekile. Lapho besongelwa, bangase babonise ukuziphatha kokuzivikela, njengokuhayiza, ukudlidliza imisila yabo, noma ukushaya. Nokho, impendulo yabo eyinhloko iwukubaleka noma ukucasha.
Ukudla
Endle, izinyoka zommbila ngokuyinhloko zidla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane njengamagundane. Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, zingaphakelwa ukudla kwamagundane, amagundane, noma ezinye izinto ezincane ezizingelayo. Imvamisa yokudla iyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala nobukhulu benyoka.
I-Diurnal vs. Nocturnal vs. Crepuscular
Ukuze unqume ukuthi izinyoka zommbila zihamba ebusuku yini, kubalulekile ukuqonda amagama asetshenziswa ukuchaza amaphethini emisebenzi ehlukene ezilwaneni:
- I-Diurnal: Izilwane ezidliwayo ziyasebenza emini futhi ngokuvamile ziyaphumula noma zilale ebusuku. Zizijwayeze ukuze zisebenze kahle ngesikhathi sasemini futhi zingase zibe nokujwayela okukhethekile kwemisebenzi efana nokuzingela, ukudla ukudla, noma ukushiswa yilanga.
- Ubusuku: Izilwane zasebusuku zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Zinokujwayela okukhethekile kokukhanya okuphansi noma imisebenzi yasebusuku, njengokubona okuthuthukisiwe ebusuku nokubona kwezinzwa. Izilwane zasebusuku zivame ukuphumula noma ukulala phakathi nosuku.
- I-Crepuscular: Izilwane ezinama-crepuscular zisebenza kakhulu phakathi nokuntwela kokusa nokuhwalala, okuyizikhathi zokukhanya okuphansi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kosuku. Lezi zilwane zijwayela ukuxhaphaza izikhathi zezinguquko lapho inyamazane yazo noma izilwane ezizingelayo zisebenza.
Ukuqonda la magama kusiza ekunqumeni amaphethini omsebenzi wezinyoka zommbila.
Amaphethini Omsebenzi Wenyoka Yommbila
Izinyoka zommbila ngokuyinhloko ziyi-crepuscular, okusho ukuthi zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusa nokuhlwa. Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-crepuscular kuhambisana nokuzingela kwabo kwemvelo kanye namaphethini okudla. Endle, kungenzeka ukuthi zihambe phakathi nalezi zikhathi zezinguquko lapho izimo zokukhanya zivuma imisebenzi yazo.
Ukuziphatha Kwe-Crepuscular
Ukuziphatha kwe-crepuscular yezinyoka zommbila kuyisu lokusinda elizivumela ukuthi zisebenzise amaphethini omsebenzi wezilwane zazo. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, okuwumthombo wazo wokuqala wokudla, zivame ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokusa nokuhwalala. Ngokuba ne-crepuscular, izinyoka zommbila zandisa amathuba azo okuhlangana nokubamba inyamazane.
Le mvelo ye-crepuscular iphinde isize izinyoka zommbila zigweme amazinga okushisa aphezulu osuku ezindaweni zazo zomdabu. Phakathi nokushisa okushisayo kosuku, bangase bafune indawo yokukhosela futhi bahlale bengasebenzi ukuze bonge amandla futhi bagweme ukuphelelwa amandla. Kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu, lapho amazinga okushisa evuma, aqala ukusebenza.
Ukuphumula Kwasemini
Nakuba izinyoka zommbila zi-crepuscular futhi zisebenza kakhulu phakathi nokuntwela kokusa nakusihlwa, akulona iqiniso ukuzichaza njengezivamile zasebusuku. Phakathi namahora asemini nasebusuku ngaphandle kwezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu zomsebenzi wazo, izinyoka zombila zivame ukuphumula futhi zifune indawo yokukhosela. Lokhu kuziphatha kokuphumula kuyisici esivamile phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka, ezivumela ukuthi zonge amandla futhi zihlale zifihlekile kubahlaseli abangase babe khona.
Ukuziphatha Okuthunjiwe
Lapho zithunjwe khona, amaphethini okusebenza kwezinyoka zombila angase athonywe izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa indawo ezizungezile, isimiso sokudla, nokusebenzelana nabafuyi bazo. Ezinye izinyoka zommbila zingase zijwayelane neshejuli yasebusuku kakhulu noma yasebusuku, kuye ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo. Isibonelo, uma inyoka yommbila iphathwa njalo emini noma ichayeka ekukhanyeni kwasemini isikhathi eside, ingase isebenze kakhulu phakathi namahora okukhanya.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasekuthunjweni, izinyoka zommbila zivame ukugcina ukuthambekela kwazo kwe-crepuscular. Abagcini bangase baqaphele umsebenzi owengeziwe, njengokuhlola indawo yabo ebiyelwe noma ukuziphatha kokuzingela, ngezikhathi zasekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Iqhaza Lokukhanya Nezinga Lokushisa
Ukukhanya nezinga lokushisa kuyizici ezibalulekile zemvelo ezithonya amaphethini okusebenza kwezinyoka zommbila. Lezi zici zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni indlela inyoka eziphatha ngayo, endle nalapho ivalelwe.
1. Ukukhanya
Ukukhanya kuwuphawu olubalulekile ezilwaneni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kuthonya isigqi nokuziphatha kwabo kwansuku zonke. Endle, ukushintsha kokukhanya kwemvelo usuku lonke kubonisa isikhathi semisebenzi. Ezinyokani zommbila, ukukhanya okuphansi kokuntwela kokusa nokuhlwa kubangela ukwanda komsebenzi phakathi nalezi zikhathi zezinguquko.
Ekuthunjweni, ukukhanya kokwenziwa kungaphazamisa umsebenzi wenyoka yommbila. Ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, okungaguquki phakathi nosuku kungase kukhuthaze ukuziphatha okwengeziwe kwansuku zonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya okufiphele noma ubumnyama phakathi nosuku kungenzeka kukhuthaze ukuziphatha kwe-crepuscular. Abafuyi abaningi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo bahlinzeka ngomjikelezo wobusuku bobusuku ngokusebenzisa izibali sikhathi ukuze balingise izimo zokukhanya zemvelo, ezingasiza ekulondolozeni amaphethini omsebenzi wemvelo wenyoka.
2. Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa liphinde libe neqhaza elibalulekile ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwezinyoka zommbila. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyi-ectothermic, okusho ukuthi zithembele emithonjeni yokushisa yangaphandle ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo. Izinga lokushisa lithinta izinga lokugayeka kokudla ukudla kwazo, ukugayeka kokudla, kanye nomsebenzi uwonke.
Endle, izinyoka zommbila zivame ukufuna izindawo ezifudumele emini kanye nezindawo ezipholile kusihlwa nasebusuku. Lokhu kuziphatha kuqhutshwa isidingo sokulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo ngendlela efanele. Ekuthunjweni, ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa elifanele endaweni ebiyelwe yinyoka kubalulekile. Ukunikeza i-gradient eshisayo kuvumela inyoka ukuthi ikhethe izinga lokushisa eliwufanela kangcono umsebenzi wayo kanye nezidingo zokugaya.
3. Izinguquko Zesizini
Ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, izinyoka zommbila zingase zibonise ukuhluka kwesizini kumaphethini azo omsebenzi. Isibonelo, zivame ukusebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa futhi zingasebenzi kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ezibandayo. Lezi zinguquko zithonywa yizici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa ne-photoperiod (ubude bosuku). Ekuthunjweni, abagcini bangase futhi babone ukuhluka kwesizini ekuziphatheni kwezinyoka zabo.
Ukuziphatha Uma Usendlini
Uma zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo, izinyoka zommbila zivame ukuzivumelanisa nezinqubo nezimo ezinikezwa abafuyi bazo. Amaphethini omsebenzi wezinyoka zommbila ezithunjiwe angahluka kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa:
1. Lighting
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimo zokukhanyisa endaweni ebiyelwe zidlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni amaphethini omsebenzi wenyoka yommbila. Ukunikeza umjikelezo wobusuku nokukhanya okufanele kungasiza ukugcina ukuziphatha kwe-crepuscular.
2. Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa eligcinwe kahle ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe liqinisekisa ukuthi inyoka ingakwazi ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elifanele lemisebenzi yayo. Izinyoka zommbila zingase zisebenze kakhulu uma zinikezwe indawo yokubhaka efudumele ngokufanelekile kanye nesigaba esipholile sokuphumula.
3. Uhlelo Lokudla
Uhlelo lokudla lungaphinda lube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwenyoka yombila evalelwe. Zivame ukusebenza kakhulu ngaphambi nangemva kokuncelisa, njengoba lezi zikhathi zihambisana nokuzingela kwazo kwemvelo kanye nokuziphatha kokudla. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuphatha noma ukuphazamisa inyoka ngokushesha ngemva kokuncelisa, njengoba lokhu kungase kuholele ekubuyiseleni.
4. Ukuphatha
Ukuphathwa njalo ngunozinti kungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwenyoka yommbila. Nakuba lezi zinyoka ngokuvamile zithambile futhi zikubekezelela ukuphatha kahle, ukubamba kaningi noma okulukhuni kungabangela ingcindezi futhi kungase kuthinte amaphethini azo omsebenzi.
5. Iminyaka kanye Nempilo
Iminyaka kanye nempilo yenyoka nakho kunendima emsebenzini wayo. Izinyoka zombila ezincane zivame ukusebenza kakhulu futhi zifuna ukwazi, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengase bahlale phansi. Impilo jikelele kanye nesimo senyoka kungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwayo.
6. Ukuthuthukisa Ikheji
Ukuhlinzeka ngendawo ecebile enezindawo zokucasha, amathuba okukhuphuka, kanye nezinto ezintsha kungashukumisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwenyoka yommbila. Lezi zinothiso zingakhuthaza ukuziphatha kokuhlola nokusebenza komzimba.
Inganekwane: Izinyoka Zommbila Zihlala Ebusuku
Inganekwane eyodwa evamile ngezinyoka zommbila ukuthi azihambi nje ebusuku. Le nganekwane cishe ibangelwa ukuthambekela kwabo kokusebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusa nokuhlwa. Nakuba zingama-crepuscular ngempela, amaphethini azo omsebenzi awagcini nje emahoreni asebusuku. Bangakwazi futhi ukusebenza emini futhi baphumule ebusuku noma emini, kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene njengoba kuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili.
Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Amaphethini Omsebenzi
Ukuqonda amaphethini okusebenza kwezinyoka zommbila kubalulekile ekunakekelweni kwazo okufanele kanye nokuphila kahle, noma ngabe zifuywa njengezilwane ezifuywayo noma zihlangane nazo endle. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani lokhu kuqonda kubalulekile:
1. Izinga lokushisa kanye nokukhanyisa
Izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nomthetho wokukhanyisa endaweni ebiyelwe kubalulekile empilweni nokunethezeka kwenyoka. Ukwazi ukuthi inyoka isebenza nini kakhulu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimo zifanelekile ngalezo zikhathi.
2. Uhlelo Lokudla
Ukondla inyoka yommbila lapho isebenza kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuntwela kokusa noma ukuhwalala, kungasiza ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha kwayo kwemvelo kokudla futhi kuthuthukise impumelelo yokondla.
3. Ukuphatha kanye Nokucebisa
Ukwazi amaphethini okusebenza kwenyoka kungaqondisa isikhathi sokuphatha kanye nokwethulwa kokunothisa kwemvelo. Ukuphatha ngezikhathi zomsebenzi kungase kubangele inyoka esabelayo futhi ehileleke.
4. Ukubuka kanye Nokuqapha
Ukuqonda ukuthi inyoka isebenza nini kuvumela abagcini ukuthi babheke ukuziphatha kwabo, baqaphe impilo, futhi baqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka.
5. Indlela Yokuzalanisa
Kulabo abathanda ukuzalanisa izinyoka zommbila, ukwazi izindlela zabo zokusebenza kubalulekile emizamweni yokuzalanisa isikhathi kanye nokuqapha ukuziphatha kokuzala.
Isiphetho
Izinyoka zommbila ngokuyinhloko ziyi-crepuscular, okusho ukuthi zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusa nokuhlwa. Nakuba zingezona zasebusuku kakhulu, amaphethini azo omsebenzi angase ahluke kuye ngezici ezifana nokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, ubudala, nempilo. Ukuqonda la maphethini kubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okufanele nokugcina inhlalakahle yabo ekuthunjweni. Abagcini bezinyoka abanomthwalo wemfanelo bacabangela ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwezilwane ezifuywayo futhi banikeze izimo ezifanele ezihambisana nokuthambekela kwazo kwe-crepuscular. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinyoka zabo zombila ziyakhula futhi babonise ukuziphatha kwabo kwemvelo ekuthunjweni.
