Isingeniso: Oshaka kanye Nemvelo Yasolwandle
Oshaka bayizidalwa ezithakazelisayo osekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-400 zikhona olwandle. Zingaphansi kwekilasi le-Chondrichthyes futhi zibonakala ngohlaka lwazo lwamathambo e-cartilaginous, ama-slits ama-gill amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa emaceleni ekhanda lawo, kanye nemvelo yawo edlayo. Oshaka baye bavela ukuze bachume endaweni yolwandle, besebenzisa amazinyo abo abukhali, imihlathi enamandla, nemizimba ehlelekile ukuze bazingele futhi baphile endaweni enkulu yolwandle.
Ukuvela Koshaka Nokuzivumelanisa Nabo
Oshaka bayizidalwa eziguquke kakhulu eziye zajwayela indawo yazo yolwandle ngezindlela ezihlukile. Imizimba yazo eqondile kanye nemisila emise okwenyanga iyazisiza ukuba zibhukude emanzini, kuyilapho izinzwa zazo zikwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini. Isistimu yabo yokwamukela i-electroreception ibavumela ukuba babone izimpawu zikagesi ezikhishwa ezinye izilwane emanzini, okuzinikeza inzuzo lapho zizingela inyamazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinyo azo abukhali nemihlathi enamandla awenza akwazi ukudla inyamazane ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezinhlanzi, ama-squid nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
Iqhaza Loshaka ku-Ocean Ecosystem
Oshaka badlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yasolwandle. Ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezisiza ukulawula inani lezinye izilwane zasolwandle, zigcine ibhalansi enempilo ku-ecosystem. Ngokulawula inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezincane, oshaka bangavimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi bavikele impilo yezixhobo zamakhorali nezinye izindawo zasolwandle. Ukwengeza, oshaka bangabadli ababalulekile, badla izilwane ezifile futhi basiza ekugcineni ulwandle luhlanzekile.
Uhlolojikelele Lwenani Lamanje Loshaka
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwabo endaweni ezungezile yolwandle, inani loshaka abaningi liyehla. Ngokwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), cishe ingxenye yesine yezinhlobo zoshaka nemisebe zisengozini yokushabalala. Ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo yizimbangela ezimbili ezinkulu zokuncipha koshaka.
Umthelela Wemisebenzi Yabantu Emiphakathini Yoshaka
Izinto ezenziwa abantu, njengokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezihlala olwandle, kunomthelela omkhulu kumanani oshaka. Oshaka bavame ukubanjwa njengezinhlanzi ezibanjwa emanethini okudoba futhi baqondiswe namaphiko abo, asetshenziselwa isobho le-shark fin. Ukwengeza, ukucekelwa phansi kwezixhobo zamakhorali nezinye izindawo ezihlala olwandle kungaholela ekwehleni kwezisulu ezitholakala oshaka, kubhebhethekise ukwehla kwazo.
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nemiphumela Yako Koshaka
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nakho kunomthelela emiphakathini yoshaka. Njengoba amazinga okushisa olwandle ekhuphuka, oshaka bayaphoqeleka ukuba bafudukele emanzini apholile, okungaphazamisa ukuziphatha kwabo kwemvelo nendlela yabo yokudla. Ukwengeza, i-acidification yolwandle ingaphazamisa ikhono loshaka lokubona inyamazane, kube nomthelela nakakhulu kubantu babo.
Ukudoba Ngokweqile Nemiphumela Yako Koshaka
Ukudoba ngokweqile kungenye yezinto ezisongela oshaka abaningi. Oshaka bavame ukubanjwa njengezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo lapho bedobela inzuzo, futhi amaphiko abo aziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwe-shark fin. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani loshaka, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zisengozini yokushabalala.
Izinzuzo Ezingaba Khona Zoshaka Olwandle
Oshaka bahlinzeka ngenani lezinzuzo ezingaba khona ku-ecosystem yasolwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, angasiza ekulawuleni inani lezinye izilwane zasolwandle, avimbele ukugcwala ngokweqile nokuvikela impilo yezixhobo zamakhorali nezinye izindawo zasolwandle. Ukwengeza, oshaka bangabadli ababalulekile, badla izilwane ezifile futhi basiza ekugcineni ulwandle luhlanzekile.
Izinselele Zokubuyisela Isibalo Soshaka
Ukubuyisela isibalo soshaka kuwumsebenzi oyinselele odinga indlela ehlukene. Imizamo yokunciphisa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukuvikela izindawo ezihlala olwandle, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulondoloza oshaka. Ukwengeza, imikhankaso yokufundisa nokuqwashisa ingasiza ekuqwashiseni umphakathi ngokubaluleka koshaka endaweni ezungezile yolwandle.
Iqhaza Lemizamo Yokulondoloza Imvelo Ekulondolozeni Oshaka
Imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo ibalulekile ekulondolozweni koshaka. Le mizamo ingahlanganisa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukuvikela izindawo ezihlala olwandle, nokunciphisa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, izinhlangano zezokongiwa kwemvelo zingasebenzela ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka koshaka endaweni ezungezile yasolwandle futhi zikhuthaze izindlela zokudoba ezisimeme.
Isiphetho: Ikusasa Loshaka Olwandle
Ikusasa loshaka olwandle aliqinisekile, kodwa imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo inikeza ithemba ngokulondolozwa kwabo. Ngokunciphisa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukuvikela izindawo ezihlala olwandle, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, singasiza ekubuyiseleni oshaka abaningi futhi siqinisekise ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezibalulekile ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile endaweni ezungezile yasolwandle.
Izikhombo kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe
- Inyunyana Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokugcinwa Kwemvelo. (2021). Oshaka, imisebe nama-chimeras. Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN Lwezilwane Ezisengozini. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=12386&searchType=species
- I-Oceana. (2021). Oshaka nemisebe. https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays
- Pacoureau, N., Rigby, C., Kyne, P. M., Sherley, R. B., Winker, H., & Huveneers, C. (2021). Ukubanjwa komhlaba wonke, amazinga okuxhashazwa, nezinketho zokwakha kabusha oshaka. Izinhlanzi Nezinhlanzi, 22(1), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12521
