Mawu Oyamba: Funso la Zakale
Funso lakuti kaya kuli bwino kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa kapena kukhala wanzeru lakhala likutsutsana kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Kodi mungakonde kukhala nkhumba yokhutitsidwa, kukhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa ndi wa chitonthozo, kapena kukhala Socrates wosasangalala, kukhala moyo wanzeru ndi chidziŵitso? Funsoli silili lolunjika monga momwe lingawonekere, monga momwe moyo wonse uli ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake.
Nthano ya Mafilosofi Awiri
Mkangano pakati pa nkhumba yokhutira ndi Socrates wosasangalala ukuimira zikhulupiriro ziwiri zotsutsana za filosofi: hedonism ndi stoicism. Hedonism ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe ndizo zolinga zazikulu pamoyo, pamene stoicism ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti nzeru ndi ukoma ndizo zolinga zazikulu. Zikhulupiriro ziwirizi zatsutsana ndi afilosofi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo zonse ziri ndi mphamvu ndi zofooka zawo.
Nkhumba Yokhuta: Moyo Wachisangalalo
Kukhala ndi moyo wa nkhumba wokhutira kumatanthauza kufunafuna zosangalatsa ndi chitonthozo kuposa china chilichonse. Moyo umenewu umadziwika ndi kudya, zakumwa, ndi zosangalatsa zina, komanso kupewa chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa kusapeza bwino kapena kupweteka. Nkhumba yokhutira ndi yokondwa komanso yokhutitsidwa, koma chisangalalo chawo chimakhala chokhalitsa ndipo chimadalira zinthu zakunja.
The Osasangalala Socrates: Moyo Wanzeru
Kukhala ndi moyo wa Socrates wosasangalala kumatanthauza kufunafuna nzeru ndi chidziwitso kuposa china chilichonse. Moyo umenewu umadziwika ndi kudziletsa, kudziganizira, komanso kuganizira za kukula kwa munthu. Socrates wosakondwa sali wokondwa m'lingaliro lachikhalidwe, koma amapeza kukhutitsidwa kufunafuna nzeru ndi kudzikweza.
Kufunika kwa Maiko Okhudzidwa
Nkhumba yokhuta ndi Socrates wosasangalala ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamalingaliro. Nkhumba yokhutira ndi yokondwa komanso yokhutitsidwa panthawiyi, koma chisangalalo chawo chimakhala chokhalitsa ndipo chimadalira zinthu zakunja. Socrates wosasangalala, kumbali ina, sangakhale wokondwa panthawiyi koma amapeza kukwaniritsidwa mu kufunafuna nzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini.
Mtengo wa Hedonism
Hedonism ili ndi ubwino wake. Kufunafuna zosangalatsa ndi kupewa zowawa kungayambitse moyo wosangalatsa. Nkhumba yokhutira ndi yokondwa ndikukwaniritsidwa panthawiyi, ndipo moyo wawo umadziwika ndi chisangalalo ndi chitonthozo. Pali phindu losangalala ndi zosangalatsa zosavuta m'moyo komanso kukhala ndi moyo panthawi ino.
Zochepa za Hedonism
Hedonism ilinso ndi malire ake. Kufunafuna zosangalatsa koposa china chilichonse kungayambitse moyo wosazama komanso wosakhutira. Nkhumba yokhutira ikhoza kukhala yosangalala panthawiyi, koma chisangalalo chawo chimakhala chokhalitsa ndipo chimadalira zinthu zakunja. Iwo sangakhale ndi mbali zozama, zatanthauzo za moyo zomwe zimadza ndi kufunafuna nzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini.
Mtengo wa Nzeru
Kukhala ndi moyo wanzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini kumabwera ndi ndalama zake. Socrates wosasangalala angakhale wosasangalala m’lingaliro lakale, ndipo moyo wawo ungakhale wodziŵika ndi kulimbana ndi kudziletsa. Kulondola nzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini kumafuna khama ndi kudzimana, ndipo kungatsogolere ku malingaliro a kukhumudwa ndi kusakhutira.
Ubwino wa Nzeru
Kukhala ndi moyo wanzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini kulinso ndi ubwino wake. Socrates wosasangalala amapeza kukwaniritsidwa pakufuna nzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini, ndipo moyo wawo umadziwika ndi cholinga ndi tanthauzo. Akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro ozama, omveka achimwemwe ndi okhutira kuposa nkhumba yokhuta.
Udindo wa Gulu pa Zosankha Zathu
Kusankha pakati pa kukhala ndi moyo wa nkhumba wokhutitsidwa kapena Socrates wosasangalala sikumapangidwa mopanda kanthu. Sosaiti imagwira ntchito yokonza zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiliro zathu, ndipo zisankho zomwe timapanga zimakhudzidwa ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe ndi ziyembekezo za anthu athu. Chikakamizo cha anthu chofuna kusangalala ndi kupeŵa zowawa chingapangitse kukhala kovuta kusankha moyo wanzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini.
Pomaliza: Chosankha chaumwini
Kusankha pakati pa kukhala ndi moyo wa nkhumba wokhutira kapena Socrates wosasangalala ndi nkhani yaumwini. Makhalidwe onse awiriwa ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo chigamulocho chimadza ndi zikhulupiliro za munthu payekha. Ngakhale kuti hedonism ikhoza kubweretsa moyo wosangalatsa panthawiyi, kufunafuna nzeru ndi kukula kwaumwini kungapangitse chisangalalo chozama, chomveka bwino cha chisangalalo ndi kukwaniritsidwa m'kupita kwanthawi.
Maumboni ndi Kuwerenga Mowonjezereka
- "Republic" ndi Plato
- "Kusinkhasinkha" ndi Marcus Aurelius
- "Kupitirira Zabwino ndi Zoipa" ndi Friedrich Nietzsche
- "Lingaliro la Nkhawa" lolemba Søren Kierkegaard
- "The Nicomachean Ethics" wolemba Aristotle
