Mau Oyamba: Gulu la Mapazi a Zinyama
Njira imene nyama zimayendera ndi kuthamanga zimadziŵika makamaka ndi mmene mapazi awo alili. Asayansi apanga dongosolo logaŵira nyama m’magulu atatu akuluakulu malinga ndi mmene zimagaŵira kulemera kwa mapazi awo: digitigrade, unguligrade, ndi plantigrade. Dongosololi limatithandiza kumvetsetsa ma biomechanics akuyenda kwa nyama ndipo limatha kupereka chidziwitso pakusintha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kodi Digitigrade ndi chiyani?
Nyama za Digitigrade zimayenda ndi zala zawo, chidendene ndi bondo zili pansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga, koma kumapangitsanso kuti mafupa ndi matope a phazi asokonezeke kwambiri. Zitsanzo za nyama za digitigrade ndi amphaka, agalu, ndi mbalame zina.
Anatomy ya Phazi la Nkhumba
Phazi la nkhumba limapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: ziboda ndi mame. Ziboda zake ndi zokhuthala komanso zolimba zomwe zimateteza mafupa ndi minyewa yofewa ya phazi. Mame ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono, kosagwira ntchito pansi. Nkhumba zili ndi zala zinayi paphazi lililonse, koma zala ziwiri zokha mwa zala zimenezi zimakhudzadi nthaka.
Kodi Nkhumba Imayenda ndi Zala Zake Zakumapazi Kapena Za kanjedza?
Nthawi zambiri nkhumba zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi plantigrade, kutanthauza kuti zimayenda pansi pamapazi monga momwe anthu amachitira. Komabe, izi sizolondola kwenikweni. Nkhumba kwenikweni zimayenda pa nsonga za zala zawo, ndi dewclaw kuchita monga mfundo yachisanu kukhudzana ndi nthaka. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala pafupi ndi zinyama za digitigrade kusiyana ndi kubzala.
Unguligrade: Kayendedwe ka Zinyama Zoweta
Zinyama zosaoneka bwino zimayenda pansonga za zala zawo, koma zasintha kusintha kwapadera komwe kumadziwika kuti ziboda. Chiboda ndi chokhuthala, chopangidwa ndi keratinized chomwe chimateteza mafupa am'mapazi ndikugawa kulemera kwa nyamayo pamalo okulirapo. Zitsanzo za nyama zosawerengeka ndi akavalo, ng'ombe, ndi agwape.
Kufananiza Mapazi a Nkhumba ndi Zinyama Zoweta
Ngakhale kuti nkhumba zili ndi makhalidwe ena ndi nyama zosaoneka bwino, mapazi awo si ziboda zenizeni. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi chophimba chofewa, chosinthika kwambiri pa zala zawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti agwire pansi bwino. Amakhalanso ndi mame, omwe mulibe nyama zambiri za ziboda.
Nanga bwanji Plantigrade?
Zinyama za Plantigrade zimayenda pansi pa mapazi awo, phazi lonse likukhudzana ndi nthaka. Umu ndi momwe anthu amayendera, komanso anyani ndi makoswe.
Ndi Gulu Lanji Limene Limagwirizana Kwambiri ndi Nkhumba?
Kutengera kapangidwe ndi kayendedwe ka mapazi awo, nkhumba ndi digitigrade mwaukadaulo. Komabe, mawonekedwe a phazi lawo ndi apadera ndipo sagwirizana bwino m'magulu atatuwa. Asayansi ena apereka gulu latsopano la nkhumba ndi nyama zina zokhala ndi mapazi ofanana.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuli Kofunika?
Kumvetsa mmene mapazi a nyama amagaŵira kungatithandize kumvetsa bwino za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zimene zili padzikoli. Itha kukhalanso ndi ntchito zothandiza m'magawo ngati kafukufuku wazanyama ndi kafukufuku wa biomechanics.
Kutsiliza: Dziko Losangalatsa la Mapazi Anyama
Mapangidwe ndi kayendedwe ka mapazi a nyama ndi ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana, ndipo ndondomeko yamagulu yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito powafotokozera imasonyeza zovuta izi. Ngakhale kuti nkhumba sizingafanane bwino ndi gulu lililonse, mawonekedwe a phazi lawo ndi umboni wa kusiyanasiyana kodabwitsa kwa zamoyo padziko lapansi.
Maumboni ndi Kuwerenga Mowonjezereka
- "Kuyenda kwa Zinyama." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Webusaiti. 22 Apr. 2021.
- "Anatomy of a Pig's Phazi." Zonse Zokhudza Nkhumba. N.p., n. Webusaiti. 22 Apr. 2021.
- "Magulu a Mapazi Anyama." Mafayilo a Zinyama. N.p., n. Webusaiti. 22 Apr. 2021.
Glossary of Terms
- Digitigrade: Nyama yoyenda ndi zala.
- Unguligrade: Nyama imene imayenda m’nsonga za zala zake ndipo yasanduka ziboda.
- Plantigrade: Nyama yoyenda pansi pa mapazi ake.
- Ziboda: Chophimba chochindikala, chophimbidwa ndi keratini pazifupa zakumapazi za nyama zosaoneka bwino.
- Dewclaw: Manambala osagwira ntchito omwe sakhudza pansi pa nyama zina.
