Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi gulu lochititsa chidwi la zokwawa zochokera ku Australia. Zolengedwa zapaderazi zatchuka kwambiri monga ziweto, zomwe zimadziwika ndi maonekedwe awo apadera, kufatsa, komanso zofunikira zosamalidwa bwino. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino za zokwawa zochititsa chidwizi, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze komwe zidachokera, malo okhala, komanso zachisinthiko zomwe zawapanga zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Muchitsogozo chatsatanetsatanechi, tiyenda ulendo wopita kuti tidziwe komwe ankhandwe a ndevu amachokera, ndikufufuza malo awo, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, komanso kusinthika kwawo ngati gulu lapadera la zokwawa.
Kuwona Padziko Lonse la Bearded Dragons
Abuluzi a ndevu ndi a m'banja la Agamidae, gulu la abuluzi osiyanasiyana omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwirizana ndi malo ndi moyo wawo. Ma dragons a ndevu, makamaka, amadziwika ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi ma agamids ena. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- "Ndevu": Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za ankhandwe a ndevu ndi thumba lapakhosi lokulitsa, lomwe amatha kudzitukumula ndikupangitsa mdima. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "ndevu". Amagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetserochi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chitetezo, zibwenzi, ndi kulumikizana kwamayiko.
- Masikelo a Spiky: Ankhandwe a ndevu ali ndi mamba opindika, opindika m'mbali ndi kumbuyo kwawo. Mamba awa amawapangitsa kukhala olimba komanso amathandizira pa thermoregulation.
- Zakudya za Omnivorous: Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi omnivores, kutanthauza kuti amadya nyama ndi zomera. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, masamba obiriwira, masamba, ndi zipatso za apo ndi apo.
- Basking Behaviour: Njoka za ndevu zimadziwika ndi khalidwe lawo losauka. Amafuna kupeza malo otentha kuti azitha kutentha thupi lawo bwino.
- Makhalidwe a Anthu: Zokwawazi zimakhala zochezeka, ndipo anthu ambiri amazolowerana ndi anthu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka ngati ziweto.
Malo Achilengedwe a Njoka za Bearded
Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi kwawo ku Australia, komwe amakhala m'malo owuma komanso owuma. Malo awo okhala amakhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
1. Eastern Bearded Dragon (Pogona Barbata)
Chinjoka cha ndevu chakum'maŵa ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ndipo imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kum'mawa kwa Australia, kuphatikizapo madera a Queensland, New South Wales, ndi Victoria. Maderawa ali ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, udzu, ndi nkhalango zotseguka, zomwe zimapereka malo osiyanasiyana a zokwawazi.
2. Western Bearded Dragon (Pogona Minor)
Chinjoka cha ndevu zakumadzulo kwenikweni chimakhala kumadera ouma komanso owuma a Western Australia, mpaka ku Northern Territory ndi South Australia. Zokwawa izi zimasinthidwa kukhala malo olimba, ouma ndipo zasintha mawonekedwe apadera kuti apulumuke m'maderawa.
3. Inland Bearded Dragon (Pogona Vitticeps)
Chinjoka cha ndevu chamkati ndi chimodzi mwa zamoyo zodziwika bwino komanso zosungidwa kwambiri pamalonda a ziweto. Amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana ouma apakati ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Maderawa akuphatikizapo chipululu ndi chipululu, ndipo zinjokazi zasintha kuti ziziyenda bwino munyengo ya chinyezi chochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
4. Dwarf Bearded Dragon (Pogona Minor Minima)
Chinjoka chokhala ndi ndevu ndi mtundu waung'ono womwe umapezeka m'madera owuma komanso achipululu ku Western Australia. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono ya ankhandwe a ndevu, omwe amatengera komwe amakhala.
5. Nullarbor Bearded Dragon (Pogona Nullarbor)
Mtundu uwu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti Nullarbor dwarf bearded dragon, umapezeka kudera louma la Nullarbor Plain ku South Australia ndi Western Australia. Chigwa cha Nullarbor chimadziwika ndi malo otambalala, ouma, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo ovuta kwa zokwawazi.
Chilichonse mwa mitunduyi chasintha kuti chizikula bwino m'malo ake, chikugwirizana ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha nyengo, zomera, ndi chilengedwe.
Evolution of Bearded Dragons
Ankhandwe a ndevu ali ndi mbiri yakale yachisinthiko yomwe yawalola kukhala oyenerera malo awo osiyanasiyana. Zokwawa izi ndi za banja la Agamidae, lomwe lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 300. Banja la Agamidae ndi mbali ya gulu lalikulu la abuluzi otchedwa Iguania, omwe amaphatikizapo iguana ndi ma chameleon.
Mzere wachisinthiko wa ankhandwe a ndevu ukhoza kutsatiridwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Makhalidwe awo apadera, monga "ndevu" ndi mamba a spiky, mwachiwonekere adakula m'kupita kwa nthawi monga momwe amachitira ndi chilengedwe. Kukula kwa thumba lawo lapakhosi komanso kuwonetsa "ndevu" zawo akukhulupirira kuti zidasintha ngati njira yolepheretsa adani ndikukhazikitsa ulamuliro pamikangano yamadera kapena pachibwenzi.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kusinthika kwa ankhandwe a ndevu ndikutha kupirira kutentha ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Kutha kwawo ku thermoregulate kumawalola kukhala m'madera otentha komanso ozizira kwambiri ku Australia. M’malo ovuta, ouma, kumene chakudya ndi madzi zingakhale zosoŵa, zakudya zawo za omnivorous ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zomwe zilipo zathandiza kuti apulumuke.
Mitundu ya Bearded Dragons
Ankhandwe a ndevu sakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha; mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yadziwika. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake ndi kusintha malinga ndi komwe amakhala. Zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nkhanu za ndevu ndi izi:
1. Pogona Barbata (Eastern Bearded Dragon)
Chinjoka cha ndevu za kum'maŵa, Pogona Barbata, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yokulirapo. Amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Australia, kuphatikiza Queensland, New South Wales, ndi Victoria. Ma dragons amenewa amasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndi maonekedwe, ndipo malo awo amakhala ndi nkhalango, udzu, ndi nkhalango zotseguka.
2. Pogona Minor (Western Bearded Dragon)
Chinjoka cha ndevu chakumadzulo, Pogona Minor, chimapezeka kumadera ouma komanso owuma a Western Australia, mpaka ku Northern Territory ndi South Australia. Iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake ndipo amazolowera kumadera ouma komanso ovuta.
3. Pogona Vitticeps (Inland Bearded Dragon)
Chinjoka cha ndevu zakumtunda, Pogona Vitticeps, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imasungidwa kwambiri ku ukapolo. Amakhala chapakati ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia, komwe adazolowera malo okhala ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
4. Pogona Henrylawsoni (Rankin's Dragon or Dwarf Bearded Dragon)
Chinjoka cha Rankin, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti dwarf bearded dragon, ndi mtundu wawung'ono womwe umapezeka kumadera ouma ku Western Australia. Amakhala ndi kugawa kocheperako ndipo amadziwika ndi kukula kwawo kochepa komanso mitundu yowoneka bwino.
5. Pogona Nullarbor (Nullarbor Bearded Dragon)
Chinjoka cha ndevu za Nullarbor, kapena chinjoka cha ndevu za Nullarbor, chimapezeka kudera louma la Nullarbor Plain ku South Australia ndi Western Australia. Amasinthidwa ku malo ovuta a Nullarbor Plain.
Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya ankhandwe a ndevu, iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe ake apadera komanso malo omwe amakonda. Ngakhale kuti zina ndizofala kwambiri pamalonda a ziweto kuposa zina, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zofunikira za chisamaliro ndi makhalidwe a mitundu yomwe mumasankha ngati ziweto.
Makhalidwe ndi Kusintha kwa Bearded Dragons
Ankhandwe a ndevu asintha machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndikusintha komwe kumathandizira kuti apulumuke komanso kuchita bwino kwawo komwe amakhala. Zina mwa machitidwe awo odziwika ndi kusintha kwawo ndi awa:
1. Basking Behaviour
Njoka za ndevu zimadziwika ndi khalidwe lawo losauka. Amafuna kupeza malo otentha, monga dzuwa kapena kuunikira kochita kupanga, kuti azitha kutentha bwino. Nthawi zambiri amathera nthawi yambiri akuwotcha kuti thupi lawo likhale lotentha.
2. Kugwedeza Mkono
Ankhandwe a ndevu amawonetsa kugwedeza mkono, komwe ndi kugonjera. Akhoza kugwedeza mutu wawo kutsogolo kusonyeza kugonjera kwa munthu wowalamulira. Khalidweli limawonedwa nthawi zambiri pakuyanjana pakati pa amuna pamikangano yamadera.
3. Kudula mutu
Kumenyetsa mutu ndi khalidwe lomwe ankhandwe a ndevu amagwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ziwonetsero za pachibwenzi ndi kulankhulana kosiyanasiyana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amamenyetsa mutu akakumana ndi amuna anzawo kapena pamwambo wokweretsa.
4. Kugwedeza Mchira
Kugwedeza mchira nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa poyankha zomwe anthu akuwopseza. Ankhandwe a ndevu amatha kugwedeza michira mwamphamvu akamva kuti akuwopsezedwa kapena kupsinjika. Khalidwe limeneli nthawi zina limatsagana ndi “ndevu” zawo zakuda.
5. Kusintha kwa Mitundu
Ma dragons a ndevu amatha kuwonetsa kusintha kwa mtundu, komwe kungakhudzidwe ndi momwe akumvera, kutentha, kapena thanzi lawo. Mwachitsanzo, “ndevu” zawo zimatha kuchita mdima akapanikizika kapena kuopsezedwa.
6. Omnivorous Zakudya
Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi amnivores, kutanthauza kuti amadya nyama ndi zomera. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, monga nkhandwe, mphemvu, masamba obiriwira, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zipatso za apo ndi apo. Zakudya zawo zosinthika zimawathandiza kuti aziyenda bwino m'malo awo osiyanasiyana.
7. Kubisala
Ankhandwe a ndevu asintha njira yobisalira kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi zomwe akuwazungulira ndikupewa adani. Maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi malo omwe amakhala.
Kukopa kwa Bearded Dragons ngati Ziweto
Kukopa kwa nkhandwe zandevu monga ziweto zimapitilira mbiri yawo yachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwawo. Zokwawa izi zatchuka kwambiri pakugulitsa ziweto pazifukwa zingapo:
1. Kufatsa
Ankhandwe a ndevu amadziwika ndi kufatsa kwawo komanso kufatsa. Nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yokwawa "yochezeka kwambiri" chifukwa chololera kugwiridwa komanso kusachita mwankhanza.
2. Kukula Kwambiri
Poyerekeza ndi zokwawa zina, ankhandwe a ndevu ali ndi kukula kokhoza kutheka. Ngakhale zimakula mpaka kutalika, sizikhala zazikulu ngati zokwawa zina, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera malo ang'onoang'ono okhala.
3. Moyo Wautali
Njoka za ndevu zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zomwe zimalola kukhala ndi ubwenzi wautali. Eni ake ambiri amayamikira mwayi wokhala paubwenzi ndi ziweto zawo kwa zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo.
4. Kufunika kwa Maphunziro
Kusamalira ankhandwe a ndevu kumapereka zokumana nazo zamaphunziro, makamaka kwa ana. Ikhoza kuphunzitsa udindo ndi kupereka chidziwitso cha biology ndi khalidwe la zinyama.
5. Kupezeka
Ma dragons a ndevu amapezeka mosavuta pamalonda a ziweto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ziweto.
6. Maonekedwe Apadera
Maonekedwe apadera a ankhandwe a ndevu, okhala ndi “ndevu” zawo ndi mamba osongoka, amawapangitsa kukhala owoneka bwino ndi osiyanitsa pakati pa zokwawa.
Kusamalira Anjoka a Ndevu Monga Ziweto
Kusamalira chinjoka chandevu ngati chiweto kumaphatikizapo kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo zenizeni ndi zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino. Nazi zina zofunika pakusamalira chinjoka cha ndevu:
1. Nyumba
Perekani mpanda woyenerera wokhala ndi kutentha koyenera, kuyatsa, ndi mpweya wabwino. Kukula kwa mpanda kudzadalira zaka ndi kukula kwa chinjoka cha ndevu.
2. Kuunikira ndi Kutentha
Ma dragons a ndevu amafunikira mwayi wowunikira UVB kuti athandizire kugaya calcium komanso kukhala ndi thanzi la mafupa. Malo okhala ndi kutentha kozungulira 100-110 madigiri Fahrenheit (37-43 digiri Celsius) ndi ofunikira kuti muzitha kutenthetsa bwino.
3. Zakudya
Njoka za ndevu ndi omnivores ndipo zimafuna zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chawo chiyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana (monga nkhandwe, mphemvu), masamba obiriwira (monga masamba obiriwira, mpiru), ndiwo zamasamba (mwachitsanzo, sikwashi, kaloti), ndi zipatso za apo ndi apo. Kuthira fumbi tizilombo ndi ufa wa calcium ndi chizolowezi chodziwika kuti tipeze zakudya zofunika.
4. Kuthira madzi
Ngakhale akalulu a ndevu nthawi zambiri amapeza chinyezi kuchokera ku zakudya zawo, amapereka mbale yamadzi yopanda madzi yomwe imatsukidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse. Ankhandwe ena a ndevu amatha kumwanso madontho amadzi kapena posamba.
5. Gawo lapansi
Sankhani gawo laling'ono loyenera la mpanda, monga kapeti ya reptile, matailosi a ceramic, kapena magawo osakhala a particulate. Pewani magawo otayirira ngati mchenga, chifukwa amatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo ngati atamwa.
6. Kuthana ndi vuto
Ma dragons a ndevu nthawi zambiri amatha kugwidwa, koma amafunikabe kusamaliridwa bwino komanso mosamala. Kuchita pafupipafupi, mofatsa kungawathandize kuzolowerana ndi anthu.
7. Kusamalira Chowona Zanyama
Kuyang'ana kwachinyama nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti muwone thanzi la chinjoka chandevu zanu ndikuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse. Pezani dotolo wodziwa kusamalira zokwawa.
8. Kulemeretsa
Perekani zolemetsa zachilengedwe kwa chinjoka chanu chandevu. Izi zingaphatikizepo zinthu monga nthambi, miyala, ndi zikopa zolimbikitsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusonkhezera maganizo.
9. Socialization
Ankhandwe a ndevu amatha kusangalala ndi kuyanjana ndi eni ake. Ngakhale kuti safuna kuyanjana kwambiri monga agalu kapena amphaka, kukhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi chinjoka cha ndevu kungathandize kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa inu ndi chiweto chanu.
Kutsiliza
Ankhandwe a ndevu, omwe amadziwika kuti Pogona, ndi gulu lapadera la zokwawa zomwe zili ndi mbiri yakale komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Malo awo okhala ku Australia adasintha mawonekedwe awo ndikusintha kwawo. Monga ziweto, amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kufatsa kwawo, kukula bwino, komanso moyo wautali.
Kusamalira chinjoka cha ndevu, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimafunikira, kuphatikiza nyumba, kutentha, kuyatsa, zakudya, ndi madzi. Zokwawa zimenezi zimakula bwino pamene zosoŵa zawo zakwaniritsidwa, ndipo zimatha kupanga zibwenzi zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu ndi mabanja ofunitsitsa kupereka chisamaliro choyenera.
