Introduction
Chameleon ndi zolengedwa zochititsa chidwi zomwe zakopa chidwi cha anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Amadziwika kuti amatha kusintha mtundu, maso awo apadera omwe amatha kuyenda popanda wina ndi mnzake, komanso lilime lawo lalitali lomata lomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire nyama. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za zinthu zonse zochititsa chidwizi, padakali chisokonezo ponena za kumene manyani ali mu nyama. Makamaka, anthu nthawi zambiri amadabwa ngati ma chameleons ndi zokwawa kapena zoyamwitsa.
Tanthauzo la zokwawa ndi zoyamwitsa
Tisanayankhe funso lakuti kaya nkhwawa ndi zokwawa kapena zoyamwitsa, tiyenera kufotokoza tanthauzo la mawuwo. Zokwawa ndi gulu la nyama zomwe zimaphatikizapo zamoyo monga njoka, abuluzi, akamba, ndi ng'ona. Nyamazi zimadziwika ndi khungu lawo la mamba, kuzizira komanso kutha kuikira mazira. Kumbali ina, zoyamwitsa ndi gulu la nyama zomwe zimaphatikizapo zamoyo monga anthu, agalu, amphaka, ndi anamgumi. Nyama zimenezi zimadziwika ndi ubweya kapena tsitsi, kutentha kwa magazi, komanso kutha kuyamwitsa ana awo ndi mkaka.
Makhalidwe a zokwawa
Kaŵirikaŵiri zokwawa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhala ndi magazi ozizira, kutanthauza kuti kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malo awo osati ndi kagayidwe kawo kawo. Amakhalanso ndi khungu louma, lomwe limawateteza ku chilengedwe. Komanso, zokwawa zimadziwika ndi luso lawo lotha kumva bwino lomwe, kuphatikizapo kununkhiza, kuona, ndi kumva. Zokwawa zambiri zimatha kukonzanso miyendo kapena michira yotayika, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kuti zikhale ndi moyo.
Makhalidwe a nyama zoyamwitsa
Koma nyama zoyamwitsa zimakhala ndi magazi ofunda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kudziwongolera momwe thupi lawo likutenthera. Ali ndi tsitsi kapena ubweya, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziteteza thupi lawo ndikuwateteza ku chilengedwe. Zinyama zoyamwitsa zilinso ndi mano apadera amene amazoloŵereka ku zakudya zawo zenizeni, limodzinso ndi minyewa ya m’mawere imene imalola kuyamwitsa ana awo ndi mkaka. Pomaliza, nyama zoyamwitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamagulu, zimakhala m'magulu kapena mabanja komanso zimalankhulana wina ndi mnzake kudzera m'mawu osiyanasiyana komanso machitidwe ena.
Gulu la chameleons
Ndiye kodi mphemvu zimalowa kuti mu zonsezi? Chameleon amatchulidwa kuti ndi zokwawa, ngakhale kuti pali zina zomwe zingawoneke ngati zinyama. Kugawika kumeneku kumachokera pazifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo chibadwa chawo, physiology, ndi majini.
Maonekedwe a reptilian a chameleons
Chameleon amagawana makhalidwe ambiri ndi zokwawa zina. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi khungu louma, lomwe limawateteza ku kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi adani. Amakhalanso opanda magazi, kutanthauza kuti kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumayenderana ndi malo omwe amakhala. Kuonjezera apo, mbalamezi zimaikira mazira m'malo mobereka ana aang'ono, zomwe ndi khalidwe lofala pakati pa zokwawa.
Makhalidwe a Amammalian a chameleons
Ngakhale kuti amagawidwa ngati zokwawa, ma chameleon ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawoneke ngati zinyama. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi maso akuluakulu omwe amatha kuyenda popanda wina ndi mzake, zomwe ndi khalidwe lachilendo pakati pa zokwawa koma zimagawidwa ndi zinyama zambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi lilime lalitali, lolimbitsa thupi lomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire nyama, zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zinyama.
DNA kusanthula chameleons
Kufufuza kwaposachedwa kwa DNA kwatsimikizira kuti ma chameleon ndi zokwawa, ngakhale kuti ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi a mammalian. Kufufuza kumeneku kunapeza kuti ma nyani amagawana zambiri za majini ndi zokwawa zina, kuphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa majini ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha khungu lawo lapadera ndi luso losintha mtundu.
Chifukwa chiyani ma chameleons amatchulidwa ngati zokwawa
Zonsezi, ma chameleon amatchulidwa ngati zokwawa chifukwa amagawana makhalidwe ambiri ndi zokwawa kusiyana ndi zinyama. Khungu lawo la mamba, kuzizira, ndi kubalana kwa mazira ndi makhalidwe omwe amapezeka pakati pa zokwawa. Ngakhale kuti amphaka ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawoneke ngati zinyama zoyamwitsa, monga maso awo akuluakulu ndi lilime lamphamvu, izi zokha sizokwanira kutsimikizira gulu lawo ngati nyama zoyamwitsa.
Maganizo olakwika odziwika bwino pazambiri
Ngakhale kuti pali umboni wa sayansi umenewu, palinso maganizo olakwika okhudza nkhwawa ndi gulu lawo. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti mapiko ayenera kukhala nyama zoyamwitsa chifukwa ali ndi mamba ngati ubweya kapena chifukwa ali ndi lilime lofanana ndi la nyama zolusa. Komabe, zinthuzi sizimapanga nyama zoyamwitsa, ndipo zimatchulidwabe ngati zokwawa potengera momwe zimakhalira, thupi lawo, ndi majini.
Kutsiliza: Nyamalikiti ndi zokwawa
Pomaliza, ma chameleon amatchulidwa kuti ndi zokwawa kutengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza ma anatomy, physiology, ndi majini. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawoneke ngati zinyama zoyamwitsa, monga maso awo akuluakulu ndi lilime lamphamvu, zizindikirozi sizokwanira kulungamitsa gulu lawo ngati nyama zoyamwitsa. Pomvetsetsa umboni wa sayansi wa gulu la chameleon, titha kuyamika ndikuteteza nyama zapadera komanso zochititsa chidwizi.
Zotsatira za misclassification
Kusasiyanitsa ntchentche ngati nyama zoyamwitsa kungakhale ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa kasungidwe ndi kasamalidwe kawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati amphaka adasankhidwa kukhala nyama zoyamwitsa, amatha kutsata malamulo kapena chitetezo chosiyana kuposa momwe alili ngati zokwawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusapangana molakwika kungayambitse chisokonezo pazachilengedwe komanso zosowa za mbalamezi, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwa anthu awo kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyika bwino ma chameleons ngati zokwawa potengera umboni wa sayansi womwe ulipo.
