'Ōlelo Hoʻolauna: Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā wāwae o nā holoholona
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana a me ka holo ʻana o nā holoholona, ma ka hapa nui, e ke ʻano o ko lākou mau wāwae. Ua hoʻolālā ka poʻe ʻepekema i ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā holoholona i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka puʻunaue ʻana i ko lākou kaumaha ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae: digitigrade, unguligrade, a me plantigrade. Kōkua kēia ʻōnaehana iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka biomechanics o ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā ʻike i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
He aha ka Digitigrade?
Hele nā holoholona Digitigrade ma ko lākou manamana wāwae, me ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae i hāpai ʻia mai ka honua. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka wikiwiki a me ka maʻalahi, akā e hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi ma nā iwi a me nā aʻa o ka wāwae. ʻO nā laʻana o nā holoholona digitigrade he pōpoki, ʻīlio, a me kekahi mau manu.
Ka Anatomy o ka wawae puaa
ʻO ka wāwae o ka puaʻa he ʻelua ʻāpana nui: ka māiuuu a me ka hau. He uhi mānoanoa a paʻakikī ka maiuu e pale ai i nā iwi a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu o ka wāwae. He hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka dewclaw ʻaʻole pili i ka lepo. ʻEhā manamana wāwae o ka puaʻa ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, akā ʻelua wale nō o kēia mau manamana wāwae e pili maoli i ka lepo.
Hele ka puaʻa ma kona manamana wāwae a i ʻole nā lima?
Manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā puaʻa he mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, hele lākou ma nā kapuaʻi e like me ke kanaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei loa kēia. Hele maoli ka puaʻa ma ka piko o ko lākou manamana wāwae, a ʻo ka hau hau ka mea e pili ana i ka lepo. Hoʻopili kēia iā lākou i nā holoholona digitigrade ma mua o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Unguligrade: Ke ʻano hele wāwae o nā holoholona hooved
Hele nā holoholona unuligrade ma ka piko o ko lākou manamana wāwae, akā ua hoʻololi lākou i kahi hoʻololi kūikawā i ʻike ʻia he māiʻuʻu. He ʻano mānoanoa ka mānoanoa, keratinized e pale ana i nā iwi manamana wāwae a puʻunaue i ke kaumaha o ka holoholona ma luna o kahi ʻāpana ākea. ʻO nā laʻana o nā holoholona unguligrade he lio, bipi, a me ka dia.
Hoʻohālikelike i nā wāwae o ka puaʻa me nā holoholona hooved
ʻOiai kaʻana like ʻana o nā puaʻa i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona me nā holoholona unguligrade, ʻaʻole he mau māiu maoli ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻO ka puaʻa he uhi palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi ma ko lākou manamana wāwae, e hiki ai iā lākou ke paʻa pono i ka lepo. He hau hau nō hoʻi ko lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona māiʻuʻu.
Pehea e pili ana iā Plantigrade?
Hele nā holoholona Plantigrade ma nā kapuaʻi, me ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka lepo. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hele wāwae o ke kanaka, a me kekahi mau primates a me nā rodents.
He aha ka papa inoa i kūpono i ka puaʻa?
Ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o ko lākou mau wāwae, ʻike ʻia nā puaʻa i ka digitigrade. Eia nō naʻe, ʻano kūʻokoʻa ko lākou anatomy wāwae a ʻaʻole kūpono i kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu. Ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema i kahi ʻano hou no nā puaʻa a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe me nā ʻano wāwae like.
No ke aha he mea nui?
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā wāwae holoholona hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mahalo nui i ka ʻokoʻa o ke ola ma kā mākou honua. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā noi kūpono i nā kula e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau a me ka noiʻi biomechanics.
Ka hopena: Ka Honua Hoʻohiwahiwa o nā wāwae holoholona
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā wāwae holoholona he paʻakikī a ʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho a mākou e hoʻohana ai e wehewehe iā lākou e hōʻike ana i kēia paʻakikī. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono ka puaʻa i loko o kekahi ʻano, ʻo ko lākou ʻano anatomia wāwae he mea hōʻike i ka ʻokoʻa o ke ola ma ko mākou honua.
Heluhelu hou aku
- "Ka Locomotion holoholona." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Pūnaewele. 22 ʻApelila 2021.
- "The Anatomy of a Pig's Foot." Nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā puaʻa. N.p., n.d. Pūnaewele. 22 ʻApelila 2021.
- "Ka Hoolikelike ana o na wawae holoholona." Na Waihona Holoholona. N.p., n.d. Pūnaewele. 22 ʻApelila 2021.
ʻO ka Glossary o nā'Ōlelo
- Digitigrade: He holoholona hele ma kona manamana wāwae.
- Unguligrade: He holoholona e hele ana ma ka piko o kona manamana wāwae a ua ulu ka maiuu.
- Plantigrade: He holoholona e hele ana ma na kapuai wawae.
- Maiuu: He uhi mānoanoa, keratinized ma nā iwi manamana wāwae o nā holoholona unguligrade.
- Dewclaw: He huahelu vestigial ʻaʻole pili i ka lepo i kekahi mau holoholona.
