Gabatarwa: Da me ake rufe shanu?
Shanu na ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin gida da aka fi samun su a duniya. An san su da samar da madara, nama, da sauran abubuwan da suka dace kamar fata. Shanu suna da sutura iri-iri a jikinsu, wanda ke kare su daga mummunan yanayi da kuma taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin jikinsu. Babban rufin shanu guda uku sune gashi, fata, da ƙahoni.
Gashi: Tushen farko na shanu
Gashi shine farkon suturar shanu kuma ana samun su a ko'ina cikin jikinsu. Yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin sutura yayin da yake kare shanu daga abubuwan muhalli na waje kamar zafi, sanyi, ruwan sama, da iska. Kauri, launi, tsayi, da nau'in gashin saniya sun bambanta dangane da nau'in da yankin da suke. Gabaɗaya, shanu suna da ɗan gajeren gashi, wanda ke da lebur da santsi. Duk da haka, wasu nau'ikan suna da tsayi, gashin gashi wanda zai iya taimaka musu su dumi a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Daban-daban na gashin saniya
Akwai nau'ikan gashin saniya iri biyu- firamare da sakandare. Gashin farko, wanda kuma aka sani da gashin gadi, shine mafi girman gashin gashi wanda ya fi girma kuma mafi tsayi. Yana kare rigar da aka yi da gashi, wanda ke da gashi na biyu. Gashi na biyu ya fi guntu, mafi kyau, da laushi fiye da gashin farko. Yana aiki azaman insulator kuma yana taimakawa wajen daidaita zafin jiki. Shanun da ake kiwon su a wurare masu zafi gabaɗaya suna da gajeriyar gashi, siraran gashi don taimaka musu su yi sanyi da sauri.
Matsayin gashi a cikin ilimin halittar saniya
Baya ga ba da kariya da daidaita yanayin zafi, gashin saniya kuma yana taka rawa a cikin tsinkayensu. Gashi yana taimaka wa saniya don jin taɓawa, matsa lamba, da canjin yanayin zafi. Har ila yau, yana taka rawa wajen sadarwar zamantakewa tsakanin shanu. Misali, shanu suna amfani da wutsiyarsu wajen shafe ƙudaje, wanda ke nuna cewa ba su da daɗi. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, shanu masu tsayin gashi suna da karancin matsalolin lafiya idan aka kwatanta da shanu masu gajeren gashi.
Fatar: Wani muhimmin suturar saniya
Fatar wata muhimmiyar suturar shanu ce wacce ke ba da kariya daga abubuwan waje irin su abrasions, raunuka, da cututtuka. Fatar saniya ta ƙunshi yadudduka biyu - epidermis da dermis. Epidermis ita ce mafi kusa da fata, wanda ke ba da shinge mai kariya, yayin da dermis ya kasance mafi kauri, Layer na ciki wanda ya ƙunshi glandar gumi, gashin gashi, da kuma ƙarshen jijiya. Fatar saniya kuma tana dauke da sinadarin melanin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kare fata daga illolin UV.
Tsarin da aikin fata saniya
Fatar saniya ta fi fatar mutum kauri kuma tana da babban abun ciki na collagen. Collagen yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye elasticity da ƙarfin fata. Fatar saniya kuma tana kunshe da glandan da ke fitar da mai da ke sa fata ta kuma sanya ta cikin ruwa. Wadannan mai kuma suna taimakawa wajen rage juzu'i a tsakanin fata da gashi, da hana tabarbarewar fata. Fatar kuma tana taka rawa wajen daidaita yanayin zafi ta hanyar dilating ko takurawa tasoshin jini don amsa canjin yanayin zafi.
Muhimmancin lafiyar fata a cikin shanu
Lafiyayyen fata yana da mahimmanci ga saniya kamar yadda yake kare su daga cututtuka daban-daban, ɓarna, da raunuka. Duk wani lalacewar fata zai iya haifar da cututtuka da sauran al'amurran kiwon lafiya. Ado na yau da kullun, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, da tsabtataccen yanayin rayuwa na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar fata a cikin shanu. Duk wani alamun cututtukan fata ko kamuwa da cuta yakamata likitan dabbobi ya magance su nan da nan.
Kaho: Siffar suturar saniya
Kaho na daya daga cikin fitattun suturar shanu kuma ana samun su a cikin shanun maza da mata. Sun ƙunshi keratin, furotin guda ɗaya wanda ke yin gashi da kusoshi. Ana amfani da kaho don dalilai daban-daban kamar kariya daga mafarauta, hulɗar zamantakewa, da daidaita yanayin zafi. Suna kuma taka rawa wajen kafa tsarin mulki a tsakanin shanu.
Manufar da girma na kahon saniya
Ana amfani da ƙahonin shanu don abubuwa daban-daban kamar tono, zazzagewa, da gyaran fuska. Har ila yau, suna taka rawa a cikin thermoregulation ta hanyar taimakawa wajen zubar da zafi. Girman ƙahon shanu yana ci gaba a duk rayuwarsu, kuma suna iya girma har tsawon ƙafafu da yawa a wasu nau'ikan. Yawan girma na ƙahon ya bambanta dangane da nau'in, shekaru, da abinci mai gina jiki na saniya.
Sauran suturar shanu: Hooves da wutsiya
Hooves da wutsiya su ne sauran suturar shanu waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lafiyarsu da jin daɗinsu. Kofato sun ƙunshi keratin kuma suna kare ƙafar shanu daga raunuka da cututtuka. Kula da kofato daidai yana da mahimmanci wajen hana gurgu da sauran cututtuka masu alaƙa da kofato. Ana amfani da wutsiyoyi don kawar da ƙudaje, alamar rashin jin daɗi, da daidaitawa yayin tsaye.
Kammalawa: Daban-daban suturar shanu
A ƙarshe, shanu suna da sutura daban-daban waɗanda ke kare su daga abubuwan muhalli na waje kuma suna daidaita yanayin jikinsu. Gashi, fata, ƙaho, kofato, da wutsiya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lafiyar saniya da walwala. Ya kamata a ba da kulawa da kulawa da kyau ga waɗannan suturar don tabbatar da cewa shanu sun kasance cikin koshin lafiya da kwanciyar hankali.
Karin bayani da kara karatu
- Kimiyyar Dabbobi: Tsarin narkewar abinci da Abincin Shanu. (n.d.). An dawo da Disamba 22, 2021, daga https://extension.psu.edu/digestive-system-and-nutrition-of-cattle
- Harris, D. L. (2005). Naman shanu kiwon lafiya da kuma samar. Blackwell Pub.
- Klemm, R.D. (2010). Halin shanu da walwala. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Krause, K. M. (2006). Ilimin ilimin halittar jiki na haifuwa a cikin shanu. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Smith, B. (2014). Manyan magungunan ciki na dabba. Mosby.
