Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka esetshenziswa amahhashi ukuthutha abantu, futhi lo mkhuba uye washiya uphawu olungacimeki emlandweni wethu namasiko. Nakuba ezokuthutha zanamuhla ziye zabangela ukwanda kwezimoto, izitimela, nezindiza, amahhashi asafeza indima ebalulekile ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba futhi asaqhubeka esetshenziselwa izinto zokuhamba. Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizohlola izizathu zokuthi kungani abantu besebenzisa amahhashi ukuthutha, ukubaluleka komlando kokuthutha i-equine, nezici zamasiko nezingokoqobo zalo mkhuba oqhubekayo.
Ukubaluleka Kwezomlando
Ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha kwaqala ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kuye kwaba yinhloko ekulondolozweni komlando wesintu. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka komlando kokuthuthwa kwamahhashi kunikeza umongo wokuthi kungani kusabalulekile namuhla.
Impucuko Yasendulo
Amahhashi ayefuywa cishe ngo-4000-3500 BCE, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokuthutha kwashintsha indlela impucuko yasendulo eyayisebenza ngayo. Bavumela ukuhamba kwabantu nezimpahla ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Inqola, imoto edonswa ngamahhashi, yayishintsha impi, ivumela amabutho ukuba ahambe ngokushesha nangendlela ewujuqu.
- Amahhashi ayebalulekile ekusungulweni kwemizila yezohwebo nokukhula kwemibuso. Umgwaqo Kasilika, ngokwesibonelo, wawuthembele kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwamahhashi ukuze kuhwetshwe izimpahla nemibono phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga.
Ukunwetshwa Kwentshonalanga
Ngekhulu le-19, ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha kwaba nendima ebalulekile ekwandeni kwe-United States ngasentshonalanga. Njengoba amaphayona ayeya entshonalanga efuna amathuba amasha nomhlaba, athembela ezinqoleni ezidonswa amahhashi namakhoshi esiteji ukubathwala kanye nempahla yawo bahambe amabanga amade. Lokhu kufudukela entshonalanga kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komngcele waseMelika.
I-Industrial Revolution
INguquko Yezimboni yaletha intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zesitimu kanye nokuzalwa kukajantshi wesitimela. Nokho, ngisho nangalenkathi yokuthuthuka kwezimboni ngokushesha, amahhashi aqhubeka eyindlela yokuthutha eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ujantshi babengakafiki khona. Ayesetshenziselwa ukuvakasha kwendawo, ezolimo, nokuthutha impahla.
Izimpi Zomhlaba
Amahhashi adlala indima eMpini Yezwe I naseMpini Yezwe II. EMpini Yezwe I, zazisetshenziswa ekushayeleni amahhashi nasekuthutheni izimpahla ekuqaleni kwengxabano. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, amahhashi ayesetshenziselwa izinjongo ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezinselele, njengaseRussia.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimanje Kwamahhashi Ezokuthutha
Nakuba amahhashi engaseyona indlela eyinhloko yokuthutha emazweni amaningi asethuthukile, asaqhubeka enza imisebenzi ebalulekile ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zesimanje zamahhashi ezokuthutha:
Izindawo Zasemakhaya
Ezifundeni eziningi zasemaphandleni nezikude, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, amahhashi ahlala eyindlela yokuthutha ewusizo nengabizi. Asetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu nezimpahla, ukuhamba ezindaweni ezimbi, kanye nokufinyelela ezindaweni okungenzeka izimoto zanamuhla zingafinyeleleki kuzo.
Ezolimo
Amahhashi asasetshenziswa kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yabalimi abancane. Basiza ukulima amasimu, ukudonsa izinqola nokuthutha izitshalo nokukhiqiza. Ikhono labo lokusebenza eduze kwabantu nokuhamba ezindaweni eziqinile linenzuzo ezindaweni zezolimo.
Ezokuvakasha
Ezindaweni eziningi zezivakashi emhlabeni wonke, amahhashi anendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha. Izinqola ezidonswa amahhashi, ukugibela izihlibhi, nokugibela i-trail kunikeza izivakashi indlela eyingqayizivele nejabulisayo yokuhlola izindawo ezibukeka kahle futhi zithole isiko lendawo.
Ezemidlalo Yamahhashi
Amahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha esimweni semidlalo yamahhashi. Imincintiswano efana nomdlalo wokugxuma, ukugqoka izingubo, imicimbi, nokugibela ukubekezela kuvame ukubandakanya ukuthuthwa kwamahhashi ukuya nokubuya ezindaweni. Ukuthuthwa kwe-Equine kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yamahhashi.
Izinsiza Eziphuthumayo
Kwezinye izifunda, amahhashi asetshenziselwa ukusesha nokuhlenga, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezinselele zezwe. Ikhono labo lokufinyelela ezindaweni ezikude futhi baphathe abantu abalimele libenza babe izimpahla ezibalulekile zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo.
Amasiko Esintu
Kwamasiko athile endabuko, ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi ukuthutha kugxilile. Ngokwesibonelo, imiphakathi ehlala imihambima eMongolia ithembele emahhashini ukuze iphile ngokuzulazula, yalusa imfuyo, futhi inqamula amathafa amakhulu.
Izizathu Zokusebenzisa Amahhashi Ezokuthutha
Kunezizathu eziningana ezishukumisayo ezenza abantu baqhubeke besebenzisa amahhashi ukuthutha ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Lezi zizathu zisekelwe ezintweni ezingokoqobo, zamasiko, nezomnotho ezenza amahhashi abe yisinqumo esifanele ezimweni ezithile.
yizinhlobonhlobo
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamahhashi okuthutha ukuguquguquka kwawo. Amahhashi angakwazi ukuzulazula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezintabeni kuya emahlathini aminyene, futhi angakwazi ukusingatha izindlela ezimahhadlahhadla neziwumngcingo okungenzeka zingakwazi ukudlula kuzo izimoto.
Umthelela Ophansi Wezemvelo
Ukuhamba ngamahhashi kunomkhondo wemvelo omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezokuthutha ngezimoto. Amahhashi awakhiqizi isisi esibamba ukushisa, futhi umthelela wawo endaweni ezungezile awulimazi neze. Zizifanele futhi izindawo lapho ukugcinwa kwemvelo yemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusebenza Kwezomnotho
Ezifundeni eziningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, amahhashi ayindlela yokuthutha engabizi kakhulu. Zidinga ingqalasizinda nokunakekelwa okuncane kunezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, okuzenza zibe yindlela efinyeleleka kalula emiphakathini enezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
uMhloli
Amahhashi afinyeleleka kubantu abahlukahlukene, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokuthutha akudingi amalayisense akhethekile noma ukuqeqeshwa. Lokhu kufinyeleleka kubenza babe ukukhetha okungokoqobo komuntu ngamunye kanye nemiphakathi okungenzeka ingakwazi ukufinyelela ezimotweni zesimanje.
Ukulondolozwa Kwesiko
Ukuthuthwa kwamahhashi kudlala indima enkulu ekulondolozeni amasiko namagugu. Emiphakathini eminingi yendabuko, amahhashi ayingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yawo yokuphila, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokuthutha kubalulekile ukuze agcine ubunikazi bawo bamasiko.
Maintenance Low
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, amahhashi awondli kancane. Azidingi uphethiloli, izinguquko zikawoyela, noma imishini eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuphakelwa okuvamile, ukuzilungisa, nokunakekelwa kwezilwane okuyisisekelo kwanele ukugcina amahhashi esesimweni sokusebenza.
Izinselelo Nokucatshangelwa
Nakuba amahhashi enikeza izinzuzo eziningi zokuhamba ezimweni ezithile, kukhona futhi izinselele nokucatshangelwa okudingeka kubhekwe:
Isebenza kanzima
Ukuthutha amahhashi kuwumsebenzi omningi, njengoba kuhilela ukunakekela amahhashi, ukuwondla, ukuwalungisa nokuphatha impilo yawo. Lokhu kungaba ukuzibophezela okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho amahhashi asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wansuku zonke.
Ijubane Elilinganiselwe
Amahhashi awasheshi njengezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, okungaba yisici esikhawulela ukuhamba amabanga amade kanye nezidingo zokuthutha ezizwela isikhathi.
Impilo Nenhlalakahle
Impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yamahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukudla okufanele, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokunakekelwa kwezilwane kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yabo.
Ukushintsha Kwamasiko
Kwezinye izifunda, ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha kuyehla njengoba izimoto zesimanje sezifinyeleleka kalula. Lokhu kungaholela ekushintsheni kwamasiko kanye nokulahlekelwa imikhuba yendabuko.
Ingqalasizinda
Ukuthutha kwe-equine okusebenzayo kudinga ingqalasizinda efanelekile, njengemigwaqo nezindlela ezilungele amahhashi. Ingqalasizinda enganele inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokuthutha amahhashi.
Ukukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle Yezilwane
Kwezinye izindawo, kunokukhathazeka ngenhlalakahle yamahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho esebenza ngokweqile, izimo ezinzima, noma ukuphathwa ngonya. Ukubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yezilwane.
Izibonelo Zokuthuthwa Kwamahhashi Emhlabeni Wonke
Ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha, ake sihlole izibonelo ezivela emhlabeni wonke:
Mongolia
EMongolia, ihhashi liwuphawu lwesiko lezwe lokuzulazula futhi linendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha nokwelusa imfuyo. Imihambima yaseMongolia isebenzisa amahhashi ukunqamula amathafa nezintaba eziwudedangendlale, njengoba izimoto zesimanje ngokuvamile azinakwenzeka ezindaweni ezinjalo.
New York City
Enkabeni yeDolobha laseNew York eliphithizelayo, izinqola ezidonswa amahhashi zinikeza izivakashi indlela ephundukile nenesizotha yokuhlola i-Central Park. Naphezu kwezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha nokuphepha kokugibela ikalishi, zihlala ziwuhlobo lwezokuthutha oludumile ezivakashini.
I-Rajasthan, e-India
Esifundeni saseRajasthan, eNdiya, amakamela namahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Lezi zilwane zisifanelekela kahle isimo sezulu esomile futhi zingakwazi ukuthwala izimpahla nabantu endaweni eyinselele.
Imiphakathi yama-Amish
Imiphakathi yama-Amish e-United States ithembele emahhashini nasezimotweni ezidonswa amahhashi ukuze zihambe zansuku zonke. Ama-Amish anokuxhumana okujulile kwamasiko nezenkolo kumahhashi futhi abeka phambili indlela yokuphila elula, eqhubekayo.
Costa Rica
Ezingxenyeni ezithile zeCosta Rica, amahhashi asetshenziselwa ukulima, njengokutshala ikhofi nokuthutha izitshalo. Ikhono lazo lokuhamba ezindaweni ezinamagquma namahlathi aminyene liwenza abe impahla ebalulekile kubalimi bendawo.
Ukulondolozwa Kwamagugu Ezamasiko
Ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha kuxhumene ngokujulile nokugcinwa kwamagugu amasiko kanye nemikhuba yendabuko. Emiphakathini eminingi yendabuko namasiko, amahhashi ayahlonishwa futhi agujwa ngeqhaza lawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Aziyona nje indlela yokuthutha kodwa futhi ziwuphawu lokuzazi kanye nomthombo wokuziqhenya.
Ukugcina lezi zinqubo zamasiko nokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yamahhashi kulezi zilungiselelo kubalulekile. Imizamo yokusekela ukuthutha kwe-equine esimeme, ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo ngokunakekela amahhashi okufanele, kanye nokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zenhlalakahle ibalulekile enhlalakahleni yawo kokubili amahhashi nemiphakathi ethembele kuwo.
Izinselelo Zesimanje Nokusimama
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha kusabalulekile ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kubhekene nezinselele zesimanje ezihlobene nokusimama nenhlalakahle. Nazi ezinye zezinselelo nezisombululo ezingaba khona:
Ukusimama
Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nokukhathazeka kwemvelo, ukusimama kokuthuthwa kwamahhashi kuyisihloko sengxoxo. Nakuba amahhashi enomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo kunezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, kusekhona izici okufanele zicatshangelwe, njengezinsiza ezidingekayo ekunakekeleni kwawo kanye nomthelela wokulahlwa kwawo.
Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ezokuthutha ezizinzile ihlanganisa:
- Ukusebenzisa imizila nemigwaqo enakekelwa kahle futhi elungele amahhashi ukunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
- Ukuqalisa izinqubo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ezindaweni lapho amahhashi esetshenziselwa ukuthutha.
- Ukukhuthaza ukudla okufanele kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo nempilo ende yamahhashi asebenzayo.
Ubuhle
Inhlalakahle yamahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukubhekana nokukhathazeka ngokusebenza ngokweqile, ukunakekelwa okunganele, nokuphathwa ngonya kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yabo.
Imizamo yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle ye-equine ihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kubanikazi bamahhashi nabanakekeli ngokunakekela nokuphatha ngendlela.
- Ukuphoqelela imithethonqubo kanye nezindinganiso zokuvimbela unya nokunganakwa.
- Ukusebenzisana nezinhlangano ezizinikele enhlalakahleni ye-equine kanye nokukhuthaza ubunikazi obunesibopho.
Ukulondolozwa Kwamasiko
Ukugcina imikhuba yamasiko namasiko abandakanya amahhashi kubalulekile ekugcineni amagugu amasiko emiphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokweseka le mikhuba kube kuphinde kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yamahhashi ahilelekile.
Amasu okugcina amasiko ahlanganisa:
- Ukusebenzisana nemiphakathi yendabuko neyendabuko ukuqonda izidingo zayo kanye namagugu.
- Ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwamahhashi emikhubeni yamasiko nemikhuba.
- Ukukhuthaza ezokuvakasha ezisimeme ezihlonipha futhi ezeseka amasiko endawo.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kwamahhashi kwezokuthutha, nakuba ingaseyona indlela eyinhloko yokuhamba emazweni amaningi athuthukile, kusewumkhuba obalulekile ezifundeni eziningi. Amahhashi anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile, okuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka, umthelela ophansi wemvelo, nokubaluleka kwamasiko, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okungokoqobo ezimweni ezithile.
Ukulondoloza amagugu amasiko namasiko ahlobene ne-equine transportation kubalulekile, njengoba kuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yamahhashi ahilelekile. Ngokubhekana nezinselele zesimanje ezihlobene nokusimama nenhlalakahle, kanye nokuhlonipha nokweseka imiphakathi ethembele emahhashini ukuze ezokuthutha, singaqinisekisa ukuthi lo mkhuba oqhubekayo uyaqhubeka ukhula kuyilapho sihlonipha inhlalakahle yezilwane namasiko eziwamele.
