Isigeniso: Liyini Ihhashi Lensimbi?
Igama elithi "Iron Horse" libhekisela ku-steam locomotive, uhlobo lokuqala lwezokuthutha zikaloliwe oluxhaswe yizinjini zesitimu. Isitimela sethiwa ngesilwane esinamandla nesibabazekayo, ihhashi, eyasithatha esikhundleni saba yindlela yokuthutha eyinhloko phakathi nekhulu le-19. I-Iron Horse yashintsha imboni yezokuthutha, yenza ukuhamba kusheshe, kusebenze kahle futhi kuthembeke kakhudlwana.
Umsuka Wehhashi Lensimbi
Umsuka wesitimela sesitimela usukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 lapho u-Thomas Newcomen esungula injini yesitimu yokuqala yokukhipha amanzi ezimayini. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 lapho izinjini zesitimu zashintshwa ukuze zikwazi ukuthuthwa. I-prototype yokuqala yesitimela esebenzisa umusi yasungulwa nguRichard Trevithick ngo-1804. Nokho, kwaze kwaba yilapho uGeorge Stephenson ethuthukisa injini yesitimu esinomfutho omkhulu ngo-1814 lapho isitimela saba indlela yokuthutha engokoqobo.
Izitimela Zokuqala Ezine-Steam
Izitimela zokuqala ezihamba ngesitimu zaziklanyelwe ukudonsa amalahle ezimayini zaseNgilandi. Isitimela sokuqala esathwala abagibeli kwakuyi-“Puffing Billy,” eyayisebenza kujantshi wesitimela iWylam Colliery eNorthumberland, eNgilandi, ngo-1813. Isitimela sasihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha amahlanu ngehora futhi sasikwazi ukuthwala abantu abangaba ngu-10. Isitimela sokuqala esisebenza ngesitimu esiphumelelayo kwezentengiselwano kwakuyi-“Rocket,” eyaklanywa uGeorge Stephenson ngo-1829. Yayinesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-29 ngehora futhi yayisetshenziswa ku-Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Iron Horse eYurophu
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Iron Horse eYurophu kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi kwasakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke izwekazi. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, izitimela zase ziyindlela yokuthutha eyinhloko kokubili abagibeli nempahla. Ukwakhiwa kwezitimela eYurophu kwakuqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukuthuthela emadolobheni, nesidingo sezinto zokuhamba ezisheshayo nezisebenza kahle.
Ukunyuka Kwezitimela E-United States
Ihhashi Lensimbi libe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-United States. Ojantshi besitimela bavumela izwe ukuthi likhule liye ngasentshonalanga, lixhumanise imiphakathi engayodwa futhi livule izimakethe ezintsha zezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Ujantshi wokuqala e-United States kwaba i-Baltimore ne-Ohio Railroad, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1828. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-United States yayinoxhaxha lwezitimela ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nomzila wesitimela ongamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-200,000 XNUMX.
Umthelela Wehhashi Lensimbi Kwezokuthutha
I-Iron Horse yenza izinguquko kwezokuthutha, yenza ukuhamba kusheshe, kusebenze kahle, futhi kuthembeke kakhudlwana. Ojantshi besitimela babevumela abantu nezimpahla ukuthi zihambe ibanga elide futhi ngokushesha kunangaphambili. Ihhashi Lensimbi nalo lenza izinto zokuhamba zangabizi kakhulu, zavumela abantu namabhizinisi ukuba bathuthe izimpahla nabantu ngezindleko eziphansi.
Imithelela Yezomnotho Nenhlalo Yezitimela
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitimela kube nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni nasemphakathini. Imizila yezitimela idale amathuba omsebenzi, yagqugquzela ukukhula komnotho, futhi yenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwempahla nabantu ezweni lonke. Ojantshi besitimela baphinde basiza ukukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, njengoba abantu bekwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide futhi ngokushesha ukuze bathole umsebenzi nethuba.
Ihhashi Lensimbi Esikweni Elidumile
Ihhashi Lensimbi kube yisihloko esidumile ezincwadini, ifilimu, nomculo. Yenziwe yothando njengophawu lwenkululeko, uhambo, nenqubekelaphambili. I-Iron Horse nayo ihlotshaniswe ne-American West, lapho ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekwandiseni umngcele.
Ukusungulwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kudizayini Yesitimela
Ukwakhiwa kwezitimela zesitimela kwaqhubeka nokuvela phakathi nekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni lama-20. Ukuthuthukiswa komklamo wesitimela kwakuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamabhayela amakhulu, izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhudlwana, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi esikhundleni sensimbi ekwakheni.
Ukwehla Kwehhashi Lensimbi
I-Iron Horse yaqala ukwehla maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 ngokukhuphuka kwezimoto, izindiza, nezinye izinhlobo zokuhamba. Ojantshi besitimela babhekane nokuncintisana okwandisiwe okuvela kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba futhi bazabalaza ukujwayelana nezimo zemakethe ezishintshayo.
Ukulondolozwa Nokubuyiselwa Kwezitimela Zomlando
Naphezu kokuncipha kweHhashi Lensimbi, izitimela eziningi zomlando ziye zalondolozwa futhi zabuyiselwa. Lezi zitimela zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sendima ebalulekile eyafezwa ojantshi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-United States namanye amazwe.
Isiphetho: Ifa Lehhashi Lensimbi
I-Iron Horse yashintsha ezokuthutha, yakhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, futhi yenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpahla nabantu ezweni lonke. Ifa le-Iron Horse lisabonakala nanamuhla ngendlela yezitimela ezigciniwe nangokuqhubeka kusetshenziswa imizila yezitimela ezokuthutha. Ihhashi Lensimbi liyohlale likhunjulwa njengophawu lwenqubekelaphambili kanye nokuzidela.
