Iinyoka zombona (i-Pantherophis guttatus) ziinyoka ezithandwayo nezinomtsalane, ezaziwa ngobungakanani obulawulekayo, indalo ethambileyo, kunye nokwahluka kwemibala emihle. Ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kunye neepatheni zendlela yokusebenza kweenyoka zombona kubalulekile kukhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nempilo yazo. Omnye umbuzo oqhelekileyo odla ngokuvela phakathi kwabagcini kunye nabanomdla kukuba ingaba iinyoka zombona zihamba ebusuku. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga iipatheni zomsebenzi kunye nokuziphatha kweenyoka zombona, kubandakanywa ukuthambekela kwazo kokutya kunye nobusuku.
Umbona iNyoka Basics
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwisihloko sendlela yokwenza inyoka yombona, kubalulekile ukuqonda eminye imiba esisiseko yezi zirhubuluzi.
Indawo yendalo
Iinyoka zombona zizalelwa kuMntla Melika, ngakumbi kumazantsi mpuma eUnited States. Bahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka amahlathi, amathafa engca, kunye nezakhiwo ezingasasetyenziswayo. Uluhlu lwabo lwendalo lukhulu kakhulu, lubavumela ukuba baqhelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ubume beMpawu
Iinyoka zombona ziinyoka ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, nabantu abadala bafikelela kubude obuphakathi kweenyawo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Zinemizimba ebhityileyo kwaye ziyaziwa ngemibala yazo edlamkileyo neyohlukileyo. Igama labo elithi "inyoka yombona" kucingelwa ukuba lisuka ekufaneni kwamaxolo esisu kumbona okanye umbona wamaNdiya.
ukuziphatha
Iinyoka zombona ngokuqhelekileyo zithambile kwaye azityekeleli ekubeni ndlongondlongo. Bangabakhweli abanobuchule kwaye banokubaleka kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ukuba azigcinwanga ngokukhuselekileyo. Xa besongelwa, banokubonisa indlela yokuzikhusela, njengokubethela, ukungcangcazela imisila, okanye ukubetha. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto basabela ngayo kukubaleka okanye ukuzimela.
idayethi
Endle, iinyoka zombona ngokuyintloko zitya izilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo njengeempuku. Njengezilwanyana ezifuywayo, zinokutyiswa ukutya kweempuku ezinobungakanani obufanelekileyo, iimpuku, okanye ezinye izinto ezincinci. Ukutyisa rhoqo kuyahluka ngokweminyaka kunye nobukhulu benyoka.
Diurnal vs. Nocturnal vs. Crepuscular
Ukufumanisa ukuba iinyoka zombona zihamba ebusuku, kubalulekile ukuqonda amagama asetyenziswa ukuchaza iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana:
- Diurnal: Izilwanyana zasebusuku ziyasebenza emini kwaye zihlala ziphumla okanye zilala ebusuku. Baziqhelanise nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lemini kwaye banokuba nohlengahlengiso olukhethekileyo kwimisebenzi efana nokuzingela, ukutya, okanye ukutshisa ilanga.
- Ngobusuku: Izilwanyana zasebusuku zisebenza ikakhulu ebusuku. Banokulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo kokukhanya okuphantsi okanye imisebenzi yasebusuku, njengombono ophuculweyo wobusuku kunye nokuqonda kwengqondo. Izilwanyana zasebusuku zihlala ziphumla okanye zilala emini.
- Ngorhatya: Izilwanyana eziCrepuscular zisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lokusa nokuhlwa, okungamaxesha okukhanya okuphantsi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kosuku. Ezi zilwanyana ziqhelaniswa nokuxhaphaza amaxesha enguqu xa amaxhoba azo okanye amarhamncwa asebenzayo.
Ukuqonda la magama kunceda ekumiseleni iipatheni zemisebenzi yeenyoka zombona.
Iipateni zoMsebenzi weeNyoka zombona
Iinyoka zommbila ziyi-crepuscular, oku kuthetha ukuba zisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lokusa nokuhlwa. Oku kuziphatha kwe-crepuscular kuhambelana nokuzingela kwabo kwendalo kunye neepatheni zokufumana ukutya. Endle, kunokwenzeka ukuba bahambe ngexesha lamaxesha enguqu xa iimeko zokukhanya zilungele imisebenzi yabo.
Ukuziphatha kweCrepuscular
I-crepuscular behaviour ye-corn snakes sisicwangciso sokusinda esivumela ukuba basebenzise iipatheni zabo zokusebenza. Izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezincinci, ezingowona mthombo wazo wokuqala wokutya, zidla ngokusebenza ngexesha lasekuseni nangokuhlwa. Ngokuba ne-crepuscular, iinyoka zombona zonyusa amathuba azo okudibana kwaye zibambe ixhoba.
Le ndalo ye-crepuscular ikwanceda iinyoka zombona ukuba ziphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo bemini kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala. Ngexesha lobushushu obutshisayo bemini, banokufuna indawo yokuhlala kwaye bahlale bengasebenzi ukuze bonge amandla kwaye baphephe ukudakwa. Ngokuhlwa nakusasa, xa amaqondo obushushu elungile, aye asebenze ngakumbi.
Ukuphumla emini
Ngelixa iinyoka zombona zi-crepuscular kwaye zisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lokusa nokuhlwa, akuchanekanga ukuzichaza njengendawo yasebusuku ngokungqongqo. Ngethuba lemini kunye neeyure zasebusuku ngaphandle kwexesha labo eliphezulu lomsebenzi, iinyoka zombona zihlala ziphumla kwaye zifuna indawo yokuhlala. Le ndlela yokuphumla iyinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zeenyoka, ezivumela ukuba zigcine amandla kwaye zihlale zifihliwe kwizilwanyana ezinokuthi zihlasele.
Ukuziphatha Okuthinjiweyo
Ekuthinjweni, iipatheni zokusebenza kweenyoka zombona zinokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya indawo ezingqongileyo, ishedyuli yokutyisa, kunye nokunxibelelana nabagcini bazo. Ezinye iinyoka zombona zinokuziqhelanisa neshedyuli yasemini okanye yasebusuku, kuxhomekeke kumava azo. Umzekelo, ukuba inyoka yombona iphathwa rhoqo emini okanye ijongwe ekukhanyeni kwasemini ixesha elide, inokusebenza ngakumbi ngexesha lemini.
Nangona kunjalo, nasekuthinjweni, iinyoka zombona zivame ukugcina ukuthambekela kwazo kwe-crepuscular. Abagcini banokubona ukwanda komsebenzi, njengokuphonononga indawo ebiyelweyo okanye indlela yokuziphatha yokuzingela, ngentsasa yakusasa okanye ngokuhlwa.
Indima yoKhanya kunye noBushushu
Ukukhanya namaqondo obushushu zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo eziphembelela iipatheni zemisebenzi yeenyoka zombona. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwenyoka, endle naseluvalelweni.
1. Ukukhanya
Ukukhanya luphawu olubalulekileyo kwizilwanyana ezininzi, kuquka nezirhubuluzi. Iphembelela izingqi kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kwemihla ngemihla. Endle, ukuguquguquka kokukhanya kwendalo yonke imini kubonisa ixesha lemisebenzi. Kwiinyoka zombona, ukukhanya okuthotyiweyo kokusa nokuhlwa kubangela ukwanda komsebenzi ngexesha lamaxesha enguqu.
Ekuthinjweni, ukukhanya okwenziwayo kunokuchaphazela umsebenzi wenyoka yombona. Ukuvezwa kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, okungaguquguqukiyo ngexesha lasemini kunokukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha yasemini. Kwelinye icala, ukukhanya okumfiliba okanye ubumnyama emini kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhuthaze ukuziphatha kwe-crepuscular. Uninzi lwabagcini bezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo banikezela umjikelezo wobusuku bobusuku ngokusebenzisa izibali-xesha ukulinganisa iimeko zokukhanya kwendalo, ezinokunceda ukugcina iipatheni zendalo zenyoka.
2. Ubushushu
Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kweenyoka zombona. Ezi zirhubuluzi zi-ectothermic, okuthetha ukuba zixhomekeke kwimithombo yobushushu yangaphandle ukuze zilawule ubushushu bomzimba wazo. Ubushushu buchaphazela izinga labo lokutya, ukugaywa, kunye nomsebenzi wonke.
Endle, iinyoka zombona zidla ngokufuna iindawo ezifudumeleyo emini kunye neendawo ezipholileyo ngorhatya nasebusuku. Oku kuziphatha kuqhutywa yimfuneko yokulawula ubushushu bomzimba wabo ngokufanelekileyo. Ekuthinjweni, ukugcina iqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo kwindawo ebiyelweyo yenyoka kubalulekile. Ukubonelela nge-gradient ye-thermal kuvumela inyoka ukuba ikhethe ubushushu obulungele umsebenzi wayo kunye neemfuno zokugaya.
3. Ukwahluka kwamaxesha
Kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo zendalo, iinyoka zombona zinokubonisa ukwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka kwiipateni zazo zokusebenza. Umzekelo, bathanda ukusebenza kakhulu ngexesha lokuzala kwaye bangasebenzi kakhulu ngeenyanga ezibandayo zasebusika. Olu tshintsho luphenjelelwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo efana nobushushu kunye ne-photoperiod (ubude bemini). Ekuthinjweni, abagcini banokubona ukuguquguquka kwexesha elithile kwindlela yokuziphatha yeenyoka zabo.
Ukuziphatha Xa Uhleli
Xa zigcinwe njengezilwanyana zasekhaya, iinyoka zombona zidla ngokuziqhelanisa nenkqubo kunye neemeko ezibonelelwa ngabagcini bazo. Iipateni zomsebenzi weenyoka zombona ezithinjiweyo zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
1. ukukhanyisa
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, iimeko zokukhanyisa kwindawo evalelekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iipatheni zomsebenzi wenyoka yombona. Ukubonelela ngomjikelo wobusuku bobusuku kunye nokukhanya okufanelekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina ukuziphatha kwe-crepuscular.
2. Ubushushu
Iqondo lokushisa eligcinwe kakuhle ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelweyo liqinisekisa ukuba inyoka inokukhetha ubushushu obufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yayo. Iinyoka zombona zinokusebenza ngakumbi xa zinikwe indawo yokubhaka efudumeleyo ngokufanelekileyo kunye necandelo elipholileyo lokuphumla.
3. Ishedyuli yokondla
Ishedyuli yokutya inokuchaphazela umsebenzi wenyoka yombona evalelweyo. Bathanda ukusebenza kakhulu phambi nasemva kokutyisa, njengoko la maxesha ehambelana nokuzingela kwabo kwendalo kunye nokuziphatha kokutya. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuphatha okanye ukuphazamisa inyoka ngokukhawuleza emva kokutya, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ekubuyiseleni.
4. Ukuphatha
Ukuphathwa rhoqo ngumgcini kunokuba nefuthe ekuziphatheni kwenyoka yengqolowa. Ngelixa ezi nyoka ziqhelekile kwaye zinyamezela ukuphatha kakuhle, ukuphatha rhoqo okanye ngokurhabaxa kunokubangela uxinzelelo kwaye kunokuchaphazela iipatheni zabo zokusebenza.
5. Ubudala kunye neMpilo
Ubudala kunye nempilo yenyoka nayo idlala indima kumsebenzi wayo. Iinyoka ezincinci zombona zihlala zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zinomdla, ngelixa abantu abadala banokungaphumli. Impilo jikelele kunye nemeko yenyoka inokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kwayo.
6. Ukutyetyiswa kweCage
Ukubonelela ngendawo etyetyisiweyo eneendawo zokufihla, amathuba okunyuka, kunye nezinto ezinoveli kunokuvuselela ukuziphatha kwemvelo yenyoka yombona. Ezi zityebi zinokukhuthaza ukuziphatha kokuhlola kunye nomsebenzi womzimba.
Intsomi: Iinyoka zombona zidla ngokungqongqo ebusuku
Enye intsomi eqhelekileyo malunga neenyoka zombona kukuba zihlala zihamba ebusuku ngokungqongqo. Le ntsomi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ivela kumkhwa wabo wokuba basebenze kakhulu ekuzeni kokusa nangorhatya. Ngelixa ngokwenene zi-crepuscular, iipatheni zabo zokusebenza aziphelelanga kwiiyure zasebusuku. Basenokusebenza ngexesha lasemini kwaye baphumle ebusuku okanye emini, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo njengoko bekuxoxiwe ngaphambili.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda iipateni zoMsebenzi
Ukuqonda iipateni zeenyoka zombona kubalulekile kukhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nempilo yazo, nokuba zigcinwe njengezilwanyana zasekhaya okanye zidibene endle. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni oku kuqonda kubalulekile:
1. Ubushushu kunye nokuKhanya
Ukushisa okufanelekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kokukhanyisa kwindawo ebiyelweyo kubalulekile kwimpilo yenyoka kunye nentuthuzelo. Ukwazi ukuba inyoka isebenza nini kakhulu inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi meko zifanelekile ngelo xesha.
2. Ishedyuli yokondla
Ukondla inyoka yombona xa isebenza kakhulu, ngaphambi okanye emva kokusa okanye ngongcwalazi, kunokunceda ukuphindaphinda indlela yazo yendalo yokutya kunye nokuphucula impumelelo yokondla.
3. Ukuphatha kunye nokuNtyebisa
Ukuqaphela iipatheni zemisebenzi yenyoka kunokukhokela ixesha lokuphatha kunye nokuqaliswa kokutyebisa okusingqongileyo. Ukuphatha ngexesha lomsebenzi kunokukhokelela kwinyoka esabelayo kwaye ebandakanyekayo.
4. Uqwalaselo kunye nokuBeka iliso
Ukuqonda xa inyoka isebenza kuvumela abagcini ukuba baqaphele ukuziphatha kwabo, ukubeka iliso kwimpilo, kwaye baqaphele naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zokubandezeleka.
5. Ukuziphatha ngokuzala
Kwabo banomdla wokufuya iinyoka zombona, ukwazi iipatheni zabo zokusebenza kubalulekile kwiinzame zokuzalisa ixesha kunye nokubeka iliso ekuziphatheni kokuzala.
isiphelo
Iinyoka zengqolowa ziyi-crepuscular, oku kuthetha ukuba zisebenza kakhulu ngexesha lokusa nokuhlwa. Ngelixa bengezobusuku ngokungqongqo, iipatheni zabo zokusebenza zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokukhanya, ubushushu, ubudala, kunye nempilo. Ukuqonda ezi patheni kubalulekile ekuboneleleni ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcina impilo-ntle yabo ekuthinjweni. Abagcini beenyoka abanoxanduva baqwalasela ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwezilwanyana zabo ezifuywayo kwaye banike iimeko ezifanelekileyo ezihambelana nokuthambekela kwabo kwe-crepuscular. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinyoka zabo zombona zikhula kwaye zibonise ukuziphatha kwazo kwendalo ekuthinjweni.
