Intshayelelo: Ookrebe kunye nokusiNgqongileyo koLwandlekazi
Ookrebe zizidalwa ezinomdla ebezikho elwandle iminyaka engaphezu kwama-400 ezigidi. Bakwiklasi yeChondrichthyes kwaye babonakaliswe ngamathambo abo e-cartilaginous, ama-gill amahlanu ukuya kwasixhenxe emacaleni entloko yabo, kunye nobume babo. Ookrebe baye bavela ukuze baphumelele kwindawo yolwandle, besebenzisa amazinyo abo abukhali, imihlathi enamandla, kunye nemizimba elungeleleneyo ukuzingela kwaye baphile kwisibhakabhaka esikhulu solwandle.
I-Evolution yeeSharks kunye noHlelo lwabo
Ookrebe zizidalwa eziguquke kakhulu eziye zaqhelana nemekobume yazo yolwandle ngeendlela ezizodwa. Imizimba yazo elungeleleneyo kunye nemisila emile okweceba inceda ukuba idade ngokufanelekileyo emanzini, ngelixa iigill zazo zivumela ukuba zikhuphe ioksijini emanzini. Inkqubo yabo ye-electroreception ivumela ukuba babone iimpawu zombane ezikhutshwa zezinye izilwanyana emanzini, zibanika inzuzo xa bezingela amaxhoba. Ukongezelela, amazinyo azo abukhali nemihlathi eyomeleleyo iwavumela ukuba atye iindidi ngeendidi zamaxhoba, kuquka iintlanzi, isquid nezilwanyana zaselwandle.
Indima yookrebe kwi-Ecosystem yoLwandle
Ookrebe badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle. Zizizilwanyana ezizingelayo ezinceda ukulawula inani lezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, zigcina ulungelelwano olusempilweni kwi-ecosystem. Ngokulawula inani leentlanzi ezincinci, ookrebe banokukuthintela ukwanda kwabemi kunye nokukhusela impilo ye-coral reef kunye nezinye iimeko zaselwandle. Ukongeza, ookrebe bangabagcini bezilwanyana ezibalulekileyo, batya izilwanyana ezifileyo kwaye bancedisa ukugcina ulwandle lucocekile.
Isishwankathelo seNani langoku laBantu ookrebe
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwabo kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle, uninzi lwabantu ookrebe luyehla. Ngokutsho kweManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN), malunga nekota yeentlobo zokrebe kunye nemitha zisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala zezona zizathu ziphambili zokuhla kwenani lookrebe.
Impembelelo yeMisebenzi yoLuntu kuBemi bookrebe
Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, ezifana nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala zaselwandle, zinefuthe elibonakalayo kumanani ookrebe. Ookrebe badla ngokubanjwa xa belotywa kwiminatha yokuloba kwaye bakwajoliswa kumaphiko abo, asetyenziswa kwisuphu yeephiko likakrebe. Ukongezelela, ukutshatyalaliswa kweingqaqa zekorale kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwexhoba elifumanekayo kookrebe, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukuncipha kwabo.
Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye neziphumo zako kookrebe
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu nako kunefuthe kubemi kookrebe. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu olwandle enyuka, ookrebe bayanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele kumanzi apholileyo, nto leyo enokuphazamisa indlela abaziphatha ngayo kunye neendlela zabo zokutyisa. Ukongeza, i-asidi yolwandle inokuchaphazela ukukwazi kookrebe ukubona amaxhoba, okuchaphazela ngakumbi abantu babo.
Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye neziphumo zako kookrebe
Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo sesinye sezoyikiso ezinkulu kuluntu kookrebe. Ookrebe badla ngokubanjwa njengentlanzi ekulobeni iintlanzi, yaye amaphiko abo axatyiswa kakhulu kurhwebo lweephiko zikakrebe. Oku kukhokelele ekwehleni okumandla kwenani lookrebe, kunye neentlobo ezithile ezijongene nengozi yokuphela.
Uncedo olunokubakho kookrebe eLwandle
Ookrebe babonelela ngenani leenzuzo ezinokubakho kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle. Ngokomzekelo, zinokunceda ekulawuleni abantu bezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, zithintele ukwanda kwabemi nokukhusela impilo yeingqaqa zekorale nezinye izinto ezihlala elwandle. Ukongeza, ookrebe bangabagcini bezilwanyana ezibalulekileyo, batya izilwanyana ezifileyo kwaye bancedisa ukugcina ulwandle lucocekile.
Imingeni ekuBuyiselweni kwaBemi beeShaka
Ukubuyisela abemi bookrebe ngumsebenzi onzima ofuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi. Iinzame zokunciphisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okulondoloza inani lookrebe. Ukongeza, amaphulo okufundisa kunye nokwazisa anokunceda ukwazisa uluntu ngokubaluleka kookrebe kwisixokelelwano solwandle.
Indima yeenzame zoLondolozo ekuGcineni ookrebe
Iinzame zolondolozo zibalulekile ekulondolozweni kookrebe. Ezi nzame zinokuquka amanyathelo okunciphisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle, nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukongeza, imibutho yolondolozo inokusebenzela ukwazisa uluntu ngokubaluleka kookrebe kwi-ecosystem yolwandle nokukhuthaza izenzo zokuloba ezizinzileyo.
Isiphelo: Ikamva lookrebe eLwandle
Ikamva lookrebe elwandle aliqinisekanga, kodwa iinzame zokulondoloza indalo zinika ithemba lokulondolozwa kwabo. Ngokunciphisa ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zaselwandle, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, sinokunceda ukubuyisela inani lookrebe kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zidalwa zibalulekileyo ziyaqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yolwandle.
IiReferensi kunye noFundo oluGqibeleleyo
- IManyano yeHlabathi yoLondolozo lweNdalo. (2021). Ookrebe, imitha kunye ne-chimaeras. Uludwe Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=12386&searchType=species
- eOceana. (2021). Ookrebe kunye neMitha. https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays
- Pacoureau, N., Rigby, C., Kyne, P. M., Sherley, R. B., Winker, H., & Huveneers, C. (2021). Ukubanjiswa kwehlabathi, amazinga okuxhatshazwa, kunye nokhetho lokwakha ngokutsha kookrebe. Iintlanzi kunye neentlanzi, i-22 (1), i-151-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12521
