Intshayelelo: I-Anatomy yoFudo
Ufudo zizidalwa ezinomdla ezihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini. Bangabentsapho yakwaTestudinidae, ebunjwe ngofudo, iiterrapins, kunye nofudo. Ofudo baziwa ngokuba namaqokobhe aqinile, akhuselayo, asebenza njengendlela yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa. Zinemilenze emine eyomeleleyo ezinceda zihambe emhlabeni, yaye zinokuphila iminyaka eli-100.
Inkqubo yokuphefumla yeeFudo
Njengazo zonke izilwanyana, ufudo lufuna ioksijini ukuze luphile. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ufudo alunayo idiaphragm, eyisihlunu esahlula umngxuma wesifuba kumngxuma wesisu, yaye inceda ekuphefumleni. Endaweni yoko, amafudo athembele kwizihlunu namathambo awo ukuze ande aze acuthe imiphunga yawo. Iimfudo zinenkqubo yokuphefumla eyodwa evumela ukuba ziphefumle ngelixa zintywiliselwe emanzini, nto leyo iyimfuneko kumafudo asemanzini.
IAnatomy yeMiphuphu yoFudo
Ufudo lunemiphunga emibini, emi macala omabini emizimba yabo, phantsi kwamaqokobhe awo. Imiphunga yofudo mincinane xa ithelekiswa nezinye izilwanyana zasemhlabeni, kwaye ayinazo iilobes okanye ibronchi. Endaweni yoko, imiphunga yofudo inesponji, kwaye igqunywe ngeengxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yialveoli. I-alveoli inoxanduva lokutshintshiselana ngeoksijini kunye nekharbon diokside, eziyimfuneko ekuphefumleni.
Umsebenzi Wemiphunga yoFudo
Imiphunga yofudo isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwimiphunga yezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Xa ufudo luphefumla, lusebenzisa izihlunu zalo ukwandisa isifuba salo, nto leyo edala uxinzelelo olubi ngaphakathi kwimiphunga. Ngenxa yoko, umoya uphumela emiphungeni ngeempumlo. Xa ufudo luphefumla, lusebenzisa izihlunu zalo ukuze lufinyeze umngxuma wesifuba, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo olulungileyo ngaphakathi kwimiphunga. Le nkqubo ityhala umoya uphume emiphungeni, nangeempumlo.
IiGill of Aquatic Fudo
Iimfudo zasemanzini, ezifana nesilayidi esineendlebe ezibomvu, ziye zaqhelana nokuphila emanzini. Ziye zaguquka iigill, ezivumela ukuba ziphefumle ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Iigilidi zamafudo asemanzini zimi ngasemva komqala wazo, kwaye zigqunywe licwecwe elingamathambo elibizwa ngokuba yioperculum. I-operculum ivula kwaye ivale, ivumela amanzi ukuba ahambe phezu kweegill, kunye ne-oxygen ukuba ikhutshwe emanzini.
Ukuziqhelanisa noFudo lwasemanzini
Ukongeza kwiigill, iifudo zasemanzini zinezinye iindlela ezizivumelayo ukuba ziphile emanzini. Zineenyawo ezinentambo ezizinceda zidade, kwaye zimile kakuhle, nto leyo enciphisa ukurhuqeka xa zihamba emanzini. Amafudo asemanzini nawo ayakwazi ukubamba umphefumlo wawo ixesha elide, nto leyo eyimfuneko ekuntywileni.
Ingaba Zonke IiFudo Ziphefumla Ngemiphunga?
Ayizizo zonke iifudo eziphefumla emiphungeni. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-matamata turtle, ziye zavela ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokuphefumla. Ufudo lwe-matamata luneproboscis ende, efana ne-snorkel, olusebenzisa ukuphefumla ngelixa luntywiliselwe emanzini. I-proboscis ifakwe kwii-receptors ze-sensory, ezinceda i-turtle ibone amaxhoba emanzini amdaka.
Isiphelo: Indlela yokuphefumla yeeFudo
Ukuqukumbela, amafudo aphefumla ngemiphunga yawo, enoxanduva lokutshintshiselana ngeoksijini kunye necarbon dioxide. Imiphunga yofudo isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwimiphunga yezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwaye ixhomekeke ekwandeni nasekucuthekeni komngxuma wesifuba ukuze iphefumle. Ufudo lwasemanzini luye lwatshintsha iigill, ezivumela ukuba ziphefumle ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso olubenza bakwazi ukuphila emanzini. Noko ke, asingawo onke amafudo aphefumla emiphungeni. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-matamata turtle, ziye zavelisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuphefumla, ezibanceda ukuba baphile kwiindawo zabo.
