Nhanganyaya: Kukamurwa Kwetsoka dzeMhuka
Nzira iyo mhuka dzinofamba uye dzinomhanya nayo inotarirwa, zvikurukuru, nechimiro chetsoka dzadzo. Masayendisiti akagadzira hurongwa hwekuisa mhuka mumapoka matatu makuru zvichienderana nemagovera adzo huremu pamusoro petsoka dzadzo: digitigrade, unguligrade, uye plantigrade. Iyi sisitimu inotibatsira kunzwisisa biomechanics yekufamba kwemhuka uye inogona kupa ruzivo mukushanduka kwemarudzi akasiyana.
Chii chinonzi Digitigrade?
Mhuka dzeDigitigrade dzinofamba pazvigunwe zvadzo, nechitsitsinho nechidzitiro zvakasimudzwa kubva pasi. Izvi zvinobvumira kukurumidza kukuru uye agility, asi zvinoisawo kunyanya kunetseka pamapfupa uye tendon dzetsoka. Mienzaniso yemhuka dzedigitigrade dzinosanganisira katsi, imbwa, uye dzimwe shiri.
Anatomy yeRutsoka rwenguruve
Tsoka yenguruve inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru: mahwanda nedova. Mahwanda iganda gobvu, rakaomarara rinodzivirira mapfupa uye nyama dzakapfava dzetsoka. Dewclaw idijiti diki diki risingabati pasi. Nguruve dzine zvigunwe zvina patsoka imwe neimwe, asi zviviri chete zvezvigunwe izvi zvinosangana nepasi.
Nguruve Inofamba Nezvigunwe Zvayo Kana Kuti Mapanza?
Nguruve dzinowanzofungidzirwa kuva plantigrade, kureva kuti dzinofamba netsoka dzadzo sezvinoita vanhu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvakakwana. Nguruve dzinofamba chaizvo pamatipi ezvigunwe zvadzo, nedewclaw ichiita sechikamu chechishanu chekusangana nepasi. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vaswedere pedyo nemhuka dzedigitigrade pane kuti dzidyare.
Unguligrade: The Walking Style of Hooved Animals
Mhuka dzeUnguligrade dzinofamba pamusoro pezvigunwe zvezvigunwe zvavo, asi dzakashandura shanduko yakakosha inozivikanwa sehovha. Mahwanda akakora, ane keratinized chimiro anochengetedza mapfupa ezvigunwe uye anogovera huremu hwemhuka pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura. Mienzaniso yemhuka dzisina kusimba dzinosanganisira mabhiza, mhou, uye nondo.
Kuenzanisa Tsoka dzenguruve kune Hooved Mhuka
Nepo nguruve dzichigovana humwe hunhu nemhuka ungeligrade, tsoka dzadzo hadzisi mahwanda echokwadi. Nguruve dzine chifukidzo chakapfava, chinoshanduka pazvigunwe zvavo, izvo zvinovabvumira kubata pasi zvakanyanya. Vane zvakare dova, iro haripo mumhuka zhinji dzine mahwanda.
Zvakadini nePlantigrade?
Mhuka dzePlantigrade dzinofamba pasi petsoka dzadzo, tsoka yese ichiita kubata pasi. Aya ndiwo mafambiro evanhu, pamwe nemamwe maprimate nemakonzo.
Ndeupi Chikamu Chinokodzera Nguruve Zvakanakisisa?
Zvichienderana nechimiro uye kufamba kwetsoka dzadzo, nguruve dzine tekinoroji digitigrade. Zvisinei, rutsoka rwavo rwakasiyana nedzimwe uye haruna kukwana mune chero chezvikamu zvitatu. Mamwe masayendisiti akakurudzira chikamu chitsva chakanangana nenguruve nedzimwe mhuka dzine tsoka dzakafanana.
Nei Zvichikosha?
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwetsoka dzemhuka kunogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kusiyana kwezvipenyu zviri panyika yedu. Inogona zvakare kuve nemashandisirwo anoshanda muminda senge veterinary mushonga uye biomechanics research.
Mhedziso: Nyika Inonakidza Yetsoka dzeMhuka
Mamiriro uye kufamba kwetsoka dzemhuka kwakaoma uye kwakasiyana-siyana, uye maitiro ehurongwa atinoshandisa kuatsanangura anoratidza kuoma uku. Nepo nguruve dzingasakwana muchikamu chimwe chete, chimiro chadzo chetsoka chakasiyana chiratidzo chekusiyana kunoshamisa kwezvipenyu zviri panyika yedu.
References uye Kuwedzera Kuverenga
- "Animal Locomotion." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 22 Kubvumbi 2021.
- "Anatomy yetsoka yenguruve." Zvese Nezve Nguruve. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Kubvumbi 2021.
- "Kukamurwa Kwetsoka dzeMhuka." The Animal Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Kubvumbi 2021.
Gwaro reMagariro
- Digitigrade: Mhuka inofamba nezvigunwe.
- Unguligrade: Mhuka inofamba pamusoro pezvigunwe zvetsoka uye yakashanduka mahwanda.
- Plantigrade: Mhuka inofamba nepasi petsoka.
- Mahwanda: Chifukidzo chakakora, chekeratinized pamapfupa ezvigunwe zvemhuka dzeunguligrade.
- Dewclaw: Dijiti isingabatike pasi mune dzimwe mhuka.
