Farret, kanyama kakang'ono kamene kamadya nyama kamene kali ndi khalidwe lokonda kuseŵera ndi lotayirira, kali ndi mbiri yakale komanso yodziwika bwino yomwe yatenga zaka masauzande ambiri. Nyama yowetayi amakhulupirira kuti ndi wachibale wa ku Ulaya ndipo poyamba ankaweta pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Pakufufuza mwatsatanetsatane uku, tifufuza za magwero a ferret, kutsata ulendo wake kuchokera kuthengo kupita ku zoweta komanso ntchito zake m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse.
Ferret taxonomy ndi Classification
Musanafufuze mbiri ya ferrets, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zamagulu awo a taxonomic ndi ubale wawo ndi nyama zina zodya nyama. Ferrets ndi nyama, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora, ndi banja la Mustelidae. Banja la Mustelidae, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti mustelids, limaphatikizapo zinyama zambiri zodyera, zomwe zambiri zimadziwika ndi luso lawo losaka nyama komanso makhalidwe apadera.
M'banja la mustelid, ferrets amatchulidwa kuti Mustela putorius furo, omwe amawaika mumtundu womwewo monga European polecat, Mustela putorius. Ferrets ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi ma polecats, weasels, ndi ma mustelids ena, amagawana mikhalidwe ndi machitidwe ambiri.
Mbiri Yakale ya Ferret
Kuti timvetsetse chiyambi cha ferret, choyamba tiyenera kupenda makolo ake akutchire. Chibale chapafupi kwambiri cha ferret ndi mbalame ya ku Ulaya (Mustela putorius), nyama yaing'ono yodya nyama yochokera ku Ulaya ndi madera ena a Asia. Mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi matupi awoonda, michira italiitali, komanso chibadwa chakuthwa chakusaka.
European polecat imakhala ngati kholo loyamba la ferret yapakhomo. Kuweta kwa ferrets kumakhulupirira kuti kunachokera ku kuswana kosankhidwa kwa ma polecats okhala ndi mikhalidwe yofunikira. M'mibadwo yambiri, mikhalidwe iyi idakonzedwanso, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wina wamtundu wa ferret.
Kunyumba Koyambirira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Nthawi yeniyeni ndi chigawo cha ferret domestication chimakhalabe nkhani zotsutsana pakati pa akatswiri, koma amavomereza kuti ferrets ali ndi mbiri yakale yoweta yomwe inayamba zaka masauzande ambiri.
Greece wakale ndi Roma
Umboni wa kuŵeta ng’ombe umapezeka ku Girisi ndi Roma wakale, kumene nyamazi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka nyama. Agiriki ndi Aroma akale ankaweta ng'ombe zamphongo kuti apange mabwenzi abwino osaka. Akalulu omwe ankawetedwa nawo poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka nyama yotchedwa "ferreting," komwe ankawagwiritsa ntchito posaka akalulu ndi nyama zina zazing'ono pozichotsa m'mabwinja awo. Matupi oonda a Ferrets ndi chibadwa chawo posaka nyama zinawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuchita zimenezi.
Medieval Europe
Ferrets anapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka m'zaka zapakati ku Ulaya. Chizoloŵezi chosaka nyama, kapena "kusaka nyama," chinali chofala pakati pa akuluakulu a ku Ulaya, makamaka ku England ndi France. Ferrets anali ofunikira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa akalulu, omwe amawonedwa ngati tizirombo taulimi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo posaka akalulu kunathandiza kuti pakhale mitundu ina yapadera yotchedwa “polecat-ferrets,” yomwe inkawetedwa mwachisawawa pofuna luso losaka.
Kusintha kwa Ubwenzi
M'kupita kwa nthawi, udindo wa ferrets unayamba kusintha kuchoka pa ntchito zothandizira kupita ku chiyanjano. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 19, ma ferrets anali atakhala ziweto kwa ambiri, makamaka pakati pa ogwira ntchito. Maseŵero awo ndi chikondi chawo, limodzi ndi ukulu wawo wophatikizika, zinawapangitsa kukhala okopa ngati ziŵeto zapakhomo. Ngakhale kuti ankagwiritsidwabe ntchito posaka, ma ferrets ambiri anayamba kupeza malo awo ngati ziweto zokondedwa za banja.
Ferrets mu Zikhalidwe Zosiyana
Ferrets akhalapo m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse, nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kusaka, miyambo, ngakhale zikhulupiriro. Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma ferrets adawonedwa ndikuphatikizidwa muzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana:
1. England
Ferrets ndi mbiri yakale ku England, komwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posaka. Mawu akuti "ferret" amakhulupirira kuti adachokera ku liwu lachilatini "furittus," lomwe limatanthauza "wakuba pang'ono." Dzinali limasonyeza khalidwe loipa la nyamazi.
Ku England, kusaka nyamakazi sikunali njira yokhayo yodzitetezera ku tizilombo komanso maseŵera otchuka pakati pa anthu olemekezeka. Mwambo wa "ferret legging", ngakhale wachilendo, umapereka chitsanzo cha kuyanjana kwa ferrets ndi chikhalidwe cha Chingerezi. Zinaphatikizapo kuika zingwe ziŵiri zamoyo mkati mwa thalauza ndi kuona utali umene munthu angakhoze kupirira zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi mano awo osagwedezeka.
2. China Yakale
Ferrets ali ndi mbiri yakale mu chikhalidwe chakale cha ku China. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zosaka, makamaka posaka akalulu, omwe anali ochuluka kumidzi ya ku China. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ferret posaka kunali kolembedwa bwino m’zolemba zakale za ku China, zojambula, ndi ziboliboli.
3. Japan
Ku Japan, ferret ankagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka mbalame. Odziwika kuti "inu," "inu-musuri," kapena "toki," adawetedwa ndikuphunzitsidwa kuti achite izi. Ngakhale kuti kusaka mbalame kwachepa kwambiri ku Japan yamakono, ferret amakondedwa kwambiri ngati ziweto ndipo nthawi zina amawonedwa m'mapwando achikhalidwe ndi miyambo.
4. kumpoto kwa Amerika
Ferrets sanali ochokera ku North America, koma anthu a ku Ulaya omwe anasamukira ku Ulaya anawabweretsa ku kontinenti. M'zaka za m'ma 19, ma ferrets adagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa akalulu, omwe adayambitsidwanso ndikuyambitsa kusalinganika kwachilengedwe. Anathandiza kwambiri kuti akalulu asamawonongeke komanso kuti asawonongeke paulimi.
5. Africa
Ferrets apezanso njira yawo mu zikhalidwe zaku Africa, makamaka ngati ziweto zachilendo. Masewero awo ndi chidwi chawo amawapangitsa kukhala nyama chidwi ndi zosangalatsa kusunga monga mabwenzi. Komabe, kupezeka ndi kutchuka kwa ferrets ku Africa kumatha kusiyana ndi dera.
Ferrets ngati Ziweto
Masiku ano, ferrets amasungidwa ngati ziweto, ndipo ntchito zawo posaka zatsika kwambiri. Akhala otchuka chifukwa cha umunthu wawo wapadera komanso wokondeka. Monga ziweto, ma ferrets amapereka mitundu yambiri yamasewera, machitidwe achikondi, komanso mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi omwe amawasamalira.
Makhalidwe a Ferrets Monga Ziweto:
- Kusewera: Ferrets amadziwika chifukwa chosewera. Amakonda kufufuza, kuthamangitsa zoseweretsa, ndikuchita zinthu zoseketsa zosaka, kupereka zosangalatsa zopanda malire kwa eni ake.
- Chikondi: Ngakhale kuti amadziŵika kuti ndi osokoneza, ferrets ndi nyama zokondana. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga maunansi amphamvu ndi osamalira awo aumunthu ndipo amasangalala kukumbatirana ndi kukhala pafupi ndi okondedwa awo.
- Chidwi: Ma Ferrets ndi zolengedwa zokonda chidwi zomwe zimasangalala ndi kufufuza komwe zili. Adzafufuza mwachidwi malo ndi zinthu zatsopano, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kubweretsa zinthu zoseketsa komanso zosayembekezereka.
- Kukhazikika: Ferrets ndi nyama zomwe zimapindula polumikizana ndi banja lawo laumunthu komanso ma ferrets ena. Kufunika kwawo kukhala ndi anthu ocheza nawo kumatsindika kufunika kowasunga awiriawiri kapena m’magulu ngati n’kotheka.
- Kusintha: Ferrets ndi ziweto zosinthika ndipo zimatha kukhala bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nyumba ndi nyumba. Amafunikira malo okhalamo otetezeka komanso kusangalatsa kwamalingaliro kuti apewe kunyong'onyeka.
- Kusamalira Pang'onopang'ono: Ngakhale kuti ferrets amafunikira kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati ziweto zosasamalidwa bwino poyerekeza ndi nyama zina. Sayenera kuyenda panja ngati agalu, ndipo kuphunzitsa kwawo zinyalala kumakhala kosavuta.
- Zaka zambiri: Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, ma ferrets amatha kukhala zaka 6 mpaka 10, kuwapangitsa kukhala odzipereka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa eni ziweto.
Kusamalira Pet Ferrets:
Kuti mupereke chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri cha pet ferrets, ndikofunikira kuganizira zosowa ndi zofunikira zawo:
- zakudya: Ferrets ndi obligate carnivores, kutanthauza kuti amafunikira zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi nyama. Zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri za ferret ndizofunikira, ndipo zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuperekedwa moyenera.
- nyumba: Ma Ferrets amafunikira malo okhala otetezeka okhala ndi malo okwanira kuti azisewera ndikufufuza. Makola amitundu yambiri okhala ndi zoseweretsa zambiri komanso malo obisala ndi abwino.
- Kuyanjana kwa Anthu: Ferrets ndi nyama zomwe zimapindula ndi gulu la ma ferrets ena. Lingalirani kuwasunga awiriawiri kapena m'magulu kuti akhale ocheza nawo.
- Sewerani ndi Kuwonjezera: Kupereka zoseweretsa, machubu, ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndikofunikira kuti ma ferrets azikhala okhazikika m'maganizo komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Kukonzekera: Ma Ferrets ali ndi malaya owundana, achifupi omwe amafunikira kusamalidwa pang'ono. Kumeta misomali nthawi zonse ndi kuyeretsa mano ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro chawo.
- Chisamaliro chamoyo: Kuyang'ana kwachinyama nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti muwone thanzi la ferret ndikupewa matenda omwe wamba. Katemera ndi njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuperekedwa malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wakuuzani.
- Maphunziro a Zinyalala: Ma Ferrets amatha kuphunzitsidwa zinyalala, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kusamalira pankhani yaukhondo. Kupereka bokosi la zinyalala mu khola lawo ndi madera ena ofunikira ndikofunikira.
Mkhalidwe Woteteza
Ferrets, zonse zakutchire komanso zoweta, sizimaganiziridwa kuti zili pangozi kapena zowopsa. Komabe, mitundu ina yakuthengo ya ferrets, monga ferret ya miyendo yakuda (Mustela nigripes), yakumana ndi zovuta zoteteza.
Ferret ya miyendo yakuda, yomwe nthawi ina ankaganiza kuti yatha, inapezekanso m'ma 1980, ndipo ntchito zoteteza zachilengedwe zinayambika kuti zipulumutse zamoyozi. Ferret wa miyendo yakuda adawetedwa bwino mu ukapolo ndikubwezeretsedwanso kuthengo poyesa kubwezeretsa anthu ake. Oteteza zachilengedwe akuyesetsabe kuteteza malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zochititsa chidwizi.
Kutsiliza
Mbiri ya ferret ndi zojambula zolemera kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsa makolo ake akutchire, kulera koyambirira kuti zithandize, ndi kusintha kwake kukhala ziweto zokondedwa. Kuyambira pazitukuko zakale mpaka m'mabanja amakono, ferrets akhala ndi kupezeka kwapadera komanso kosatha mu chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Monga ziweto, ma ferrets amapitiliza kusangalatsa eni ake ndi masewera awo osewerera, chikhalidwe chachikondi, komanso kusinthika kumadera osiyanasiyana okhala. Ngakhale kuti udindo wawo pakusaka wacheperachepera, kuthekera kwawo kopanga ubale wolimba ndi anthu ndi ma ferrets ena kumakhalabe gawo lofunikira pachokopa chawo.
Mbiri ya ferret imakhala umboni wa luntha la anthu komanso kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa anthu kupanga ubale wabwino ndi nyama. Kuchokera kwa anzawo osaka nyama kupita ku ziweto zokondedwa, ferrets abweradi paulendo wawo kudutsa nthawi. Masiku ano, amabweretsa chisangalalo ndi ubwenzi m'mabanja osawerengeka padziko lonse lapansi, kupititsa patsogolo mbiri yawo yodabwitsa ya chisinthiko ndi kulera.
