Chiyambi: Kodi Iron Horse ndi Chiyani?
Mawu akuti "Iron Horse" amatanthauza sitima yapamtunda, mtundu woyamba wamayendedwe apanjanji oyendetsedwa ndi injini za nthunzi. Sitimayo inapatsidwa dzina la nyama yamphamvu ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, mahatchi, imene inaisintha kukhala njira yaikulu yoyendera m’zaka za m’ma 19. The Iron Horse inasintha kwambiri ntchito zoyendera, kupangitsa kuyenda mwachangu, kogwira mtima komanso kodalirika.
Chiyambi cha Hatchi Yachitsulo
Chiyambi cha sitima yapamtunda ya nthunzi inayamba chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 18 pamene Thomas Newcomen anapanga injini yoyamba yotulutsa madzi m'migodi. Sizinali mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 19 pamene injini za nthunzi zinasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda. Sitima yoyamba yoyendera nthunzi yopangidwa ndi nthunzi inapangidwa ndi Richard Trevithick mu 1804. Komabe, panalibe mpaka pamene George Stephenson anapanga injini ya nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri mu 1814 pamene sitimayo inakhala njira yabwino yoyendera.
Ma Locomotives Oyamba Oyendetsedwa ndi Steam
Ma locomotive oyambirira oyendera nthunzi anapangidwa kuti azinyamula malasha kuchokera kumigodi ku England. Sitima yoyamba yonyamula anthu inali ya “Puffing Billy,” yomwe inkayenda panjanji ya Wylam Colliery ku Northumberland, England, mu 1813. Sitimayi inkathamanga kwambiri makilomita 10 pa ola ndipo inkatha kunyamula anthu 1829. Sitima yoyamba yoyendera nthunzi yochita malonda inali “Rocket,” yopangidwa ndi George Stephenson mu 29. Inali ndi liŵiro lapamwamba la makilomita XNUMX pa ola ndipo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Liverpool ndi Manchester Railway.
Kukula kwa Iron Horse ku Europe
Kukula kwa Iron Horse ku Europe kudayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndipo kufalikira mwachangu kudera lonselo. Pofika chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, njanji zinali zitakhala njira yaikulu yoyendera anthu okwera ndi katundu. Kupanga njanji ku Ulaya kunayendetsedwa ndi kukula kwa mafakitale, kukwera kwa mizinda, ndi kufunikira kwa mayendedwe othamanga ndi achangu.
Kukwera kwa Sitima za Sitima ku United States
Iron Horse inakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha United States. Misewu ya njanji inalola dzikoli kukula kumadzulo, kulumikiza madera akutali ndikutsegula misika yatsopano ya katundu ndi ntchito. Sitima yoyamba ya njanji ku United States inali ya Baltimore ndi Ohio Railroad, imene inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1828. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 19, dziko la United States linali ndi njanji zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, ndipo njanji zake zinali zopitirira makilomita 200,000.
Zotsatira za Iron Horse pa Transportation
The Iron Horse inasintha kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Misewu ya njanji inapangitsa kuti anthu ndi katundu aziyenda motalikirapo komanso mwachangu kuposa kale. Iron Horse inapangitsanso zoyendera kukhala zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu ndi mabizinesi kunyamula katundu ndi anthu pamitengo yotsika.
Economic and Social Effects of Railroads
Kukula kwa njanji kunakhudza kwambiri chuma ndi anthu. Misewu ya njanji inayambitsa ntchito, inalimbikitsa kukula kwachuma, ndipo inachititsa kuyenda kwa katundu ndi anthu m’dziko lonselo. Misewu ya njanji inathandizanso kukula kwa madera a m’tauni, chifukwa anthu ankatha kupita kutali kwambiri kuti akapeze ntchito ndi mwayi.
Iron Horse mu Chikhalidwe Chotchuka
The Iron Horse wakhala nkhani yotchuka m'mabuku, mafilimu, ndi nyimbo. Yakhala ikukondedwa monga chizindikiro cha ufulu, ulendo, ndi kupita patsogolo. Iron Horse yakhala ikugwirizananso ndi American West, komwe idathandizira kwambiri kukulitsa malire.
Zaukadaulo Zaukadaulo mu Locomotive Design
Mapangidwe a ma locomotives adapitilirabe kusinthika m'zaka zonse za 19th ndi 20th century. Kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka sitima kunaphatikizapo kupanga ma boiler okulirapo, injini zogwira ntchito bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo m'malo mwa chitsulo pomanga.
Kutsika kwa Iron Horse
Iron Horse inayamba kuchepa m’zaka za m’ma 20 ndi kukwera kwa magalimoto, ndege, ndi njira zina zoyendera. Misewu ya njanji inakumana ndi mpikisano wowonjezereka kuchokera ku njira zina zoyendera ndipo zinkavutika kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa msika.
Kusungidwa ndi Kubwezeretsanso Magalimoto Ambiri
Ngakhale kuti Horse ya Iron inachepa, sitima zambiri zakale zasungidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Masitima apamtundawa ndi chikumbutso cha ntchito yofunika imene njanji zinachita pa chitukuko cha United States ndi mayiko ena.
Pomaliza: Cholowa cha Iron Horse
Gulu la Iron Horse linasintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu, kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma, ndi kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi anthu m'dziko lonselo. Choloŵa cha Iron Horse chikhoza kuwonedwabe lerolino m’mapangidwe a ma locomotive osungidwa bwino ndi kupitirizabe kugwiritsira ntchito njanji poyendera. Iron Horse nthawi zonse imakumbukiridwa ngati chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo ndi ulendo.
