Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti amphaka amatha bwanji kupeza zinyalala zawo ngakhale zitabisidwa kutali kwambiri ndi nyumba yanu? Yankho lagona pa kununkhiza kwawo kwapadera. Amphaka ali ndi luso lodabwitsa lozindikira fungo ndipo amatha kutola fungo lomwe anthu sangamve.
Pakatikati pa mphaka amamva kununkhiza kuti ndi wamphamvu kuwirikiza 9 mpaka 16 kuposa mphamvu ya anthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuzindikira fungo losamveka bwino komanso lochokera kutali kwambiri kuposa momwe ife tingathere. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti anthu amatha kumva fungo la chinthu chapatali pafupifupi mamita 20, mphaka amatha kumva fungo lomweli ali pamtunda wa mamita 100!
Zikafika pabokosi la zinyalala, amphaka amadalira kununkhira kwawo kuti apeze mosavuta. Ngakhale mutasuntha bokosi la zinyalala kumalo ena a nyumba kapena kubisa kumbuyo kwa zitseko zotsekedwa, mphaka wanu adzatha kuzipeza. Amatha kumva fungo lapadera la mkodzo ndi ndowe zawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyenda kubwerera kumalo awo osambira.
Koma kodi mphaka anganunkhe zinyalala mpaka patali bwanji? Ngakhale kuti zimasiyana malinga ndi mphaka, magwero ena amati amphaka amatha kumva fungo la zinyalala zawo kuchokera patali ndi mtunda wa kilomita imodzi! Izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo zikuwonetsa momwe kununkhiza kwawo kulili kofunikira pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kumvetsetsa Kununkhira kwa Mphaka
Kununkhiza kwa mphaka ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku. Kumvetsetsa momwe mphuno ya mphaka imagwirira ntchito kungathandize kuzindikira khalidwe lawo ndi zomwe amakonda.
Amphaka ali ndi luso lotha kununkhiza kwambiri, kuposa la anthu. Ngakhale kuti anthu ali ndi zolandirira fungo zokwana pafupifupi 5 miliyoni m’mphuno mwawo, mphaka ali ndi pafupifupi 200 miliyoni. Zimenezi zimawathandiza kuzindikira fungo limene sitilidziŵa.
Kapangidwe ka mphuno ya mphaka kumathandiziranso kununkhiza kwapadera. Ali ndi chiwalo chapadera chotchedwa Jacobson's organ, chomwe chili padenga la pakamwa pawo kuseri kwa mano akutsogolo. Chiwalochi chimathandiza amphaka kuti azikonza ndi kusanthula kafungo kameneka m’njira imene imawonjezera kununkhiza kwawo.
Kuwonjezera apo, kununkhiza kwa mphaka kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chibadwa chawo chokhala ndi moyo. Amagwiritsa ntchito kanunkhiridwe kawo kusaka nyama, kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingawawopsyeze, ndikuyendayenda m'malo awo. Amphaka amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kununkhiza kwawo kuti azindikire fungo lodziwika bwino, monga bokosi la zinyalala kapena fungo lamunthu.
Kununkhira kwa mphaka sikungokhala kwamphamvu komanso kumamva bwino kwambiri. Amatha kuzindikira fungo lotsika kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu angazindikire. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumafotokoza chifukwa chake amphaka amatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi fungo linalake, monga fungo la zakudya zina kapena ma pheromones.
Kumvetsetsa fungo la mphaka n'kofunika kwambiri kuti akhale ndi malo abwino komanso abwino. Mwa kulingalira zosoŵa zawo zonunkhiritsa, monga kuwapatsa bokosi la zinyalala laukhondo ndi kupeŵa zoyeretsera zonunkhiritsa mwamphamvu, tingawongolere moyo wawo wonse.
Pomaliza, kununkhiza kwa mphaka ndi gawo lochititsa chidwi komanso lofunika kwambiri pamalingaliro awo. Mwa kumvetsa mmene kanunkhiridwe kawo kamagwirira ntchito, tingathe kuyamikira kwambiri zamoyo zochititsa chidwizi ndi kusamalira bwino zosoŵa zawo.
Zomwe Zimakhudza Kununkhira kwa Mphaka
Kununkhiza kwa mphaka ndi chida chodabwitsa chomwe amadalira kwambiri kuti azitha kuyenda mozungulira komanso kulumikizana ndi ena. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze fungo la mphaka, kuphatikizapo:
1. Kuswana: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amphaka imatha kukhala ndi fungo losiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina, monga Maine Coon, imadziwika kuti imakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, pamene ena sangakhale okhudzidwa.
2. Zaka: Kaŵirikaŵiri fungo la mphaka limachepa akamakalamba. Amphaka okalamba sangathe kuzindikira fungo linalake kapena angakhale ndi chidwi chochepa poyerekeza ndi amphaka aang'ono.
3. Thanzi: Amphaka omwe akudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha kupuma, ziwengo, kapena matenda ena amatha kukhala ndi fungo lochepa. Kuchulukana kapena kutupa m’njira za m’mphuno kungalepheretse kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kusokoneza luso la mphaka lonunkhiza bwino.
4. Neutering/Spaying: Kusintha kwa timadzi ta m'thupi komwe kumachitika pakatha kuyamwitsa kapena kupha mphaka kumatha kukhudza kununkhiza kwake. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa mahomoni kumatha kukhudza zolandilira mphaka komanso kuthekera konse kozindikira fungo.
5. Zachilengedwe: Malo omwe mphaka amakhala nawo amathanso kukhudza kanunkhidwe kake. Fungo lamphamvu, monga zinthu zoyeretsera kapena zotsitsimutsa mpweya, zimatha kupitirira kapena kubisa fungo lina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti amphaka azindikire zinyalala zawo kapena fungo linalake.
6. Chakudya: Zakudya za mphaka zimatha kusokoneza fungo la thupi lawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kununkhiza. Zakudya zina kapena kusagwirizana kwa zakudya kungayambitse kusintha kwa fungo lachilengedwe la mphaka, zomwe zingasokoneze luso lawo lozindikira fungo lodziwika bwino.
Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi zomwe zingakhudze kanunkhiridwe ka mphaka kungathandize eni ziweto kupanga malo omwe angagwirizane ndi zosowa za amphaka awo. Pochepetsa fungo lamphamvu, kupereka chisamaliro chokhazikika kwa Chowona Zanyama, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti akudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, eni ake angathandize kuti mphaka wawo azitha kuyenda komanso kulankhulana kudzera mufungo.
Kodi Amphaka Amanunkha Mpaka Pati?
Amphaka ali ndi fungo lodabwitsa lomwe limawathandiza kuyenda m'dziko lowazungulira ndikukulitsa luso lawo losaka. Ngakhale kuti mtunda weniweni womwe amphaka amatha kununkhiza ndizovuta kudziwa, amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuzindikira fungo kuchokera pamtunda wa makilomita angapo.
Mphuno zawo zokhudzidwa kwambiri zimakhala ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a fungo, zomwe zimawalola kuti azimva fungo lochepa kwambiri. Amphaka amakhalanso ndi chiwalo chapadera chotchedwa vomeronasal organ, kapena chiwalo cha Jacobson, chomwe chili padenga la pakamwa pawo. Chiwalochi chimawathandiza kuzindikira ma pheromones, omwe ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala opangidwa ndi nyama zina.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe amphaka amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri ndi chifukwa zimathandiza kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo. Fungo limathandiza amphaka kupeza chakudya, kupeza nyama, ndi kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo m'malo awo. Zimagwiranso ntchito kwambiri m'mayanjano awo, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zafungo kuti azilankhulana ndi amphaka ena.
Pankhani ya mabokosi a zinyalala, amphaka amatha kuzindikira mosavuta fungo la zinyalala zawo, ngakhale ali patali. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kusunga bokosi la zinyalala kuti likhale laukhondo komanso labwino, chifukwa amphaka akhoza kuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lakuda.
Pomaliza, amphaka ali ndi fungo lochititsa chidwi lomwe limawalola kuti azitha kuzindikira fungo kuchokera pamtunda wa makilomita angapo. Kununkhiza kwawo ndi chida champhamvu chomwe chimawathandiza kuyenda mozungulira, kupeza chakudya, ndi kulankhulana ndi amphaka ena.
Kuyerekeza Fungo la Mphaka ndi Anthu
Kununkhiza kwa mphaka n'kwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kwa anthu. Amphaka ali ndi makina onunkhira opangidwa bwino kwambiri, okhala ndi zolandilira pafupifupi 200 miliyoni m'mphuno mwawo, poyerekeza ndi zolandilira 5 miliyoni zokha zopezeka m'mphuno mwa munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amphaka ali ndi fungo lokulirapo lomwe amatha kuzindikira ndikukonza.
Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi zolandilira fungo zambiri, amphaka amakhalanso ndi gawo lapadera la ubongo wawo lomwe limaperekedwa kuti likonze fungo. Mbali imeneyi ya ubongo wawo, yotchedwa bulb olfactory, ndi yaikulu kwambiri mwa amphaka kusiyana ndi anthu. Zimawathandiza kusanthula bwino ndikutanthauzira fungo lomwe amakumana nalo.
Komanso amphaka amakhala ndi kafungo kapadera kamene kamawathandiza kuzindikira ma pheromones ndi zizindikiro zina za mankhwala zimene anthu sangazione. Zizindikiro zamtunduwu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa mphaka ndi kuyika chizindikiro pagawo.
Mwachitsanzo, mphaka amatha kuona fungo la mkodzo wa mphaka wina ali patali kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi kuti adziwe ngati malowo ndi abwino kapena ngati anauzidwa ndi mphaka wina.
Ponseponse, kununkhiza kwa mphaka ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chimawathandiza kuyenda padziko lonse lapansi ndikusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zowazungulira. Ngakhale kuti anthu angadalire masomphenya awo ndi kumva zambiri, m'pofunika kuzindikira ndi kuyamikira luso lapadera la kununkhiza kwa mphaka.
Kutha kwa Mphaka Kununkhiza Bokosi Lawo la Zinyalala
Amphaka ali ndi fungo lodabwitsa, lomwe limawalola kuti azitha kuzindikira fungo lamitundumitundu ndi fungo lomwe mwina silidziwika kwa anthu. Zikafika pabokosi la zinyalala, amphaka ali ndi luso lapadera loti asamangonunkhiza zinyalala zawo zokha komanso kuzizindikira ndikuzisiyanitsa ndi zonunkhira zina.
Amakhulupirira kuti fungo la mphaka ndi lamphamvu kuwirikiza ka 14 kuposa la anthu. Kununkhira kokwezeka kumeneku kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazochitika zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka pokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo chosambira.
Mphaka akamagwiritsa ntchito bokosi la zinyalala, amasiya fungo lapadera lomwe limaphatikiza mkodzo ndi ndowe zake. Fungo limeneli lili ndi ma pheromones, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amatumiza mauthenga osiyanasiyana kwa amphaka ena, kuphatikizapo kulemba chizindikiro ndi kuzindikira amphaka amodzi.
Chifukwa cha fungo lawo lamphamvu, amphaka amatha kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira fungo la zinyalala zawo ali patali kwambiri. Amatha kusiyanitsa fungo lawo la zinyalala ndi fungo lina m'chilengedwe, kuwalola kupeza njira yobwerera ku malo awo osambira.
Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka amadziwika kuti amakonda kwambiri ukhondo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akhama kwambiri pobisa zinyalala zawo m'bokosi la zinyalala. Khalidweli silimangokhalira mwachibadwa komanso limagwira ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera fungo ndikusunga malo awo okhalamo oyera.
Ndikofunikira kuti eni amphaka azikhala aukhondo kuti azitha kumva fungo la mphaka wawo. Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndikuyika mabokosi a zinyalala moyenera kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti bokosi la zinyalala likhalebe losangalatsa komanso lomasuka kuti mphaka agwiritse ntchito.
Pomaliza, mphaka amatha kununkhiza zinyalala zake chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo kokulirapo. Pozindikira ndi kuzindikira fungo lawo lapadera, amphaka amatha kupeza mosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lawo la zinyalala, kuonetsetsa kuti ali aukhondo komanso chitonthozo chaumwini.
