Hamsters ƙanana ne, kyakkyawa, kuma galibi mutane a duk faɗin duniya suna kiyaye su azaman dabbobi. An san su da zagayen jikinsu, riguna masu banƙyama, da ƙananan tafukan hannu, wanda hakan ya sa su zama abokai na ƙauna ga mutane da yawa. Amma ka taɓa tunanin daga ina waɗannan ƙananan halittu masu daɗi suka fito? Menene tarihin hamsters, kuma ta yaya suka zama irin waɗannan shahararrun dabbobi? A cikin wannan bincike na asali da juyin halittar hamsters, za mu nutse cikin wuraren zama na halitta, mahallin tarihi, da tafiyarsu daga daji zuwa gidajenmu.
Yanayin Halitta na Hamsters
Don fahimtar asalin hamsters, yana da mahimmanci don farawa da mazauninsu na halitta. Hamsters rodents ne, kuma yawancin nau'in hamsters sun samo asali ne daga yankuna a Turai da Asiya. Wasu daga cikin sanannun nau'in hamster sun hada da hamster na Siriya, da Roborovski hamster, dwarf hamster na Rasha, da hamster na kasar Sin. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan yana da halayensa na musamman, amma suna da tarihin juyin halitta guda ɗaya.
Turai da Asiya: wurin Haihuwar Hamsters
An yi imanin cewa Hamsters sun samo asali ne daga Turai da Asiya. Hamster na Turai (Cricetus cricetus), wanda kuma aka sani da hamster na kowa, yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun nau'in hamster. Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Gabashin Turai da Yammacin Asiya. Ita ce mafi girma a cikin dukkan nau'in hamster, kuma burbushin sa da halayen hibernating suna da kyau a tsakanin hamsters.
Sabanin haka, hamster na Siriya (Mesocricetus auratus) ya fito ne daga Siriya da wasu sassan arewacin Isra'ila. Ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in a matsayin kakan hamsters da yawa da aka ajiye a yau. An fara gano hamster na Siriya a karni na 18 kuma daga baya an gabatar da shi ga cinikin dabbobi.
Mazauni da Rayuwa
An daidaita Hamsters don zama a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da hamada, wuraren ciyawa, da wuraren noma. Sun dace da salon binnewa, tare da kwalayen kunci na musamman don ɗaukar abinci da manyan burrows don tsari. Hamsters an san su da yanayin kadaitaka, wanda shine daidaitawa ga wuraren zama na yau da kullun.
Wadannan burrows ba kawai a matsayin mafaka ba har ma a matsayin ajiyar abinci. An san Hamsters don tara abinci a cikin burrows, wanda shine muhimmin dabarun rayuwa a yankunan da abinci ba zai iya yin karanci a wasu lokuta na shekara ba. Halayensu na kaɗaici da yanki suna taimakawa kare kantin sayar da abinci daga sauran hamsters.
Gano Hamsters
Hamsters kamar yadda muka san su a yau bazai zama shahararrun dabbobi ba idan ba don wasu mahimman abubuwan ganowa a cikin ƙarni na 18th da 19th ba.
Haɗuwa da Farko a cikin Daji
Ganawar farko da aka yi da hamsters a cikin daji ta samo asali ne tun 1797 lokacin da wani masanin dabbobi dan kasar Jamus mai suna George Waterhouse ya ba da labarin wanzuwarsu a Siriya. Hamsters da ya lura su ne kakannin hamster na Siriya, wanda daga baya ya zama sanannen dabba da bincike.
Gabatarwa zuwa Kasuwancin Dabbobi
Gabatarwar hamster na Siriya ga cinikin dabbobi ana danganta shi da wani gagarumin binciken. A cikin 1930s, wani masanin kimiyar Burtaniya mai suna George H. Hamster ya kama wasu daga cikin wadannan rowan yayin da yake balaguro a Syria. Ya dawo da su Burtaniya kuma ya fara kiwon su a tsare. A sakamakon haka, an sanya sunan nau'in hamster bayansa.
Litattafan farko na hamster pups da aka haifa a zaman talala ya zama abin jan hankali a gidan Zoo na London, kuma wannan taron ya nuna farkon shaharar hamster na Siriya a matsayin dabbar dabba. Daga nan ne aka rarraba su zuwa sassa daban-daban na duniya, kuma an kafa shirye-shiryen kiwo.
Juyin Halitta na Hamster
Hamsters sun samo asali sama da miliyoyin shekaru, suna dacewa da yanayi daban-daban da kalubale. Fahimtar tarihinsu na juyin halitta yana taimakawa wajen haskaka bambancinsu da halaye na musamman.
Daban-daban nau'ikan
Iyalin hamster, Cricetidae, sun haɗa da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda ya dace da yanayinsa. Hamsters sun bambanta zuwa wurare daban-daban, wanda ya haifar da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa tare da halaye daban-daban.
Misali daya shine hamster na kasar Sin (Cricetulus griseus). An san wannan ƙananan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) sananne don iyawar hawan hawan. Ya fito ne daga Arewacin China da Mongoliya kuma ya bambanta sosai da hamster na Siriya ta fuskar kamanni da ɗabi'a.
Wani sanannen nau'in shine Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovskii), wanda aka sani da girman dwarf da sauri. Waɗannan ƙananan hamsters su ne mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin kowane nau'in hamster kuma sun kasance a cikin hamadar Mongoliya da Sin.
Daidaitawa don Tsira
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasalulluka waɗanda hamsters ke rabawa shine ikon su na binnewa. Wannan daidaitawa yana ba su damar ƙirƙirar ramukan ƙasa masu rikitarwa da ɗakuna don kariya daga mafarauta da matsanancin yanayi. Ana kuma sanye su da buhunan kunci, waɗanda suke amfani da su wajen adanawa da ɗaukar abinci.
Jakunkuna na kunci na hamster wani gagarumin karbuwa ne ga salon rayuwarsu na makiyaya. Za su iya tattara abinci daga wuri mai faɗi kuma su mayar da shi cikin burrows ɗinsu don adanawa. Wadannan jakunkuna na iya shimfiɗa zuwa sau da yawa girman girman kan hamster, yana ba su damar ɗaukar abinci mai yawa.
Zagayowar Rayuwa da Haihuwa
Hamsters suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci na rayuwa, yawanci daga shekara ɗaya zuwa uku a cikin daji, kodayake suna iya rayuwa tsawon rai a zaman talala. Suna da saurin haifuwa, tare da ɗimbin ɗimbin ƴaƴan ƴaƴan da aka haifa bayan lokacin gestation na kusan kwanaki 16.
Wani bangare na musamman na haifuwa na hamster shine cewa mahaifiyar ita ce kawai alhakin kula da matasa. Maza da mata ba su da wani matsayi a cikin tarbiyya, kuma, a gaskiya, za su iya zama masu tayar da hankali ga juna idan an zauna tare. Mahaifiyar hamster tana jinyar 'ya'yanta, tana ba su dumi, kuma tana ba su abinci har sai sun isa su fita daga cikin burrow da kansu.
Bambance-bambance a cikin Halaye
Hamsters kuma suna nuna halaye daban-daban a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban. Alal misali, hamster na Turai an san shi da halin rashin barci, wanda ba a saba gani a wasu nau'in hamster ba. Turawa hamsters suna tono rami mai zurfi kuma suna yin hibernate na tsawon watanni da yawa a lokacin hunturu, suna dogaro da ajiyar abinci da aka adana.
Sabanin haka, hamster na Siriya ba ya yin hibernate kuma yana aiki a duk shekara. Hakanan ya fi zama kaɗai idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da za su iya jure rayuwa cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.
Hamsters a matsayin Dabbobi
Shahararrun hamsters a matsayin dabbobi za a iya gano su tun farkon hamster na Siriya ga cinikin dabbobi. Koyaya, tafiyarsu daga daji zuwa gidajenmu da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka ba da gudummawa ga cinikin dabbobi labari ne mai ban sha'awa.
Hamster na Siriya a matsayin Pet Hamster na farko
Hamster na Siriya, tare da tausasawa da yanayinsa mai ban sha'awa, cikin sauri ya lashe zukatan masu sha'awar dabbobi. Gabatarwarsa zuwa cinikin dabbobi a farkon karni na 20 ya nuna farkon hamsters azaman dabbobin gida.
Hamsters na Siriya sun zo cikin launuka daban-daban da alamu, suna sa su sha'awar mutane na kowane zamani. Ƙananan girmansu da buƙatun kulawa da ake iya sarrafawa sun ƙara ba da gudummawa ga shahararsu.
Kiwo da Bambancin Launi
Kamar yadda hamsters suka zama sananne kamar dabbobin gida, yunƙurin kiwo ya haifar da haɓaka bambancin launi daban-daban da tsarin gashi. Daga cikin mafi yawan su akwai hamster na zinariya, wanda ke da gashin zinariya-launin ruwan kasa, da kuma dogon gashi ko teddy bear hamster, wanda aka sani da bayyanarsa.
Samar da launuka daban-daban da alamu suna sa hamsters su fi sha'awar masu mallakar dabbobi waɗanda ke jin daɗin samun zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri.
Damuwar Da'a a cikin Kiwo
Ya kamata a lura da cewa yawan kiwo da kuma neman launukan gashi na musamman sun tayar da wasu damuwa na ɗabi'a. Ayyukan kiwo waɗanda ke ba da fifikon kyawawan halaye akan lafiya da jin daɗin dabbobi sun haifar da lamuran kiwon lafiyar kwayoyin halitta daban-daban a cikin hamsters na dabbobi. Wannan ya haɗa da yanayi kamar kiba, ciwon sukari, da matsalolin hakori. Ƙoƙarin kiwo na ɗabi'a yana nufin magance waɗannan batutuwa da haɓaka lafiya da jin daɗin hamsters.
Kulawa da Kulawa
Hamsters suna yin kyawawan dabbobi ga waɗanda suke shirye su ba su kulawa da kulawar da suke buƙata. Ya kamata wuraren da aka rufe su su yi kama da mazauninsu na halitta, suna ba su sarari don tonawa da bincike. Daidaitaccen kwanciya, abinci, da samun ruwa mai kyau suna da mahimmanci don jin daɗin su.
Karɓar hamsters a hankali kuma akai-akai na iya taimaka musu su saba da hulɗar ɗan adam. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa hamsters sun fi yawan aiki a cikin dare, wanda ke nufin ba za su kasance mafi kyawun dabba ga waɗanda suka fi son abokantaka na rana ba.
Kalubale a cikin Mallakar dabbobi
Mallakar dabbar hamster yana zuwa tare da saitin ƙalubalensa. Yana da mahimmanci don sanin waɗannan ƙalubalen kafin yanke shawarar kawo hamster cikin gidan ku. Wasu matsalolin gama gari da masu hamster ke fuskanta sun haɗa da:
- Halin kadaitaka: Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yawancin nau'in hamster sun kasance kadai, kuma suna iya zama damuwa ko tashin hankali idan sun kasance tare da wasu hamsters.
- Tsawon Rayuwa: Hamsters suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, wanda zai iya zama ƙalubale ga masu su.
- Ayyukan dare: Hamsters yawanci sun fi aiki a cikin dare, wanda zai iya zama da wahala ga wasu masu shi.
- Damuwar Lafiya: Hamsters suna da saukin kamuwa da al'amurran kiwon lafiya daban-daban, kuma ƙananan girman su na iya sa kulawar dabbobi ta zama kalubale.
- Mawakan tsere: Hamsters an san su da ikon su na tserewa daga cages ko wuraren da ba a tsare su da kyau ba.
Hamsters a cikin Binciken Kimiyya
Baya ga zama mashahuran dabbobi, hamsters kuma sun taka rawar gani a binciken kimiyya. Amfani da su a dakunan gwaje-gwaje ya ba da haske mai kima a fannoni daban-daban na ilmin halitta da magani.
Wheel Hamster na Binciken Likita
Hamsters sun kasance kayan aiki a cikin nazarin da suka shafi haifuwa, kwayoyin halitta, da kuma circadian rhythms. Waɗannan ƙananan rodents sun ba da gudummawar fahimtarmu game da tsarin haihuwa na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tasirin abubuwa daban-daban akan haihuwa. Alal misali, an yi amfani da hamsters a cikin bincike kan maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal da tasirin su akan haihuwa.
Baya ga binciken haifuwa, hamsters sun kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin nazarin tasirin rhythms na circadian akan lafiyar ɗan adam. Halinsu na dare ya sa su zama batutuwa masu dacewa don nazarin agogon cikin jiki da kuma yadda yake shafar barci, faɗakarwa, da jin daɗin rayuwa gaba ɗaya.
Hamsters da Binciken Cututtuka
An kuma yi amfani da Hamsters azaman samfuri don nazarin cututtukan cututtuka. Suna da saurin kamuwa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke sa su dace don bincika cututtukan da ke shafar ɗan adam. Alal misali, an yi amfani da hamster na Siriya a cikin bincike kan watsawa da kuma kula da cututtuka irin su herpes simplex da ƙwayar cutar syncytial na numfashi (RSV).
Girman girman su idan aka kwatanta da sauran rodents yana sa su sauƙin aiki tare da saitunan dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wannan girman yana da fa'ida don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje, musamman waɗanda suka shafi gudanar da magunguna ko lura da canje-canjen ilimin lissafi.
Hamsters a cikin Popular Al'adu
Hamsters sun shiga cikin shahararrun al'adu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, daga littattafai da zane-zane zuwa tallace-tallace da memes. Waɗannan ƙananan rodents sun zama alamomi da haruffa a yawancin nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai.
Hamsters a cikin adabi da zane-zane
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun hamsters na almara shine "Hamtaro," wani hali daga jerin littattafan yara na Japan wanda daga baya aka daidaita shi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo da wasan bidiyo. Hamtaro dai ya shahara da irin rawar da yake takawa tare da abokansa na hamster, kuma shirin ya shahara sosai musamman a tsakanin yara.
A cikin wallafe-wallafe, an nuna hamsters lokaci-lokaci a cikin littattafan yara, suna ƙara fara'a da burgewa. Kyawawan dabi'unsu masu kyau da alaƙa sun sa su zama fitattun batutuwa don labarun yara da misalai.
Hamsters a cikin Talla
An kuma yi amfani da Hamsters wajen talla don tallata samfura daban-daban. Wani sanannen misali shine kasuwancin Kia Soul wanda ke nuna ƙungiyar hip-hop hamsters suna tuƙi a cikin birni, suna haɓaka salo na musamman na motar.
Amfani da hamsters a cikin talla yana ba da fa'ida ga sha'awar su da kuma son su, yana mai da su kayan aikin talla mai inganci.
Memes da Al'adun Intanet
A cikin shekarun intanet, hamsters sun shiga cikin yanayin memes da al'adun kan layi. Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran hamsters na intanet shine "Pizzarat," wanda ya sami suna don ɗaukar pizza a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa na birnin New York. Waɗannan lokatai na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri suna nuna halayen da ba zato ba tsammani da kyan gani na hamsters a cikin saitunan yau da kullun.
Makomar Hamsters
Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin nau'o'in, hamsters suna fuskantar kalubale a cikin zamani na zamani, ciki har da asarar muhalli da tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da jin daɗin hamsters a cikin daji da kuma cikin zaman talala yayin da muke ci gaba.
Ƙoƙarin Kiyayewa
Hamster na Turai, musamman, ya fuskanci raguwar yawan jama'a saboda lalata muhalli da ayyukan noma. Ana kokarin kiyaye wannan nau'in da muhallinsa. Ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa suna aiki don kare burrows na hamster na Turai da kuma kafa wuraren ajiya inda za su iya bunƙasa.
Baya ga hamsters na daji, jin dadin dabbobin hamsters shima abin damuwa ne. Ayyukan kiwo na ɗabi'a da alhakin mallakar dabbobi suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da jin daɗin waɗannan dabbobin ƙaunataccen.
Ilimi da Fadakarwa
Ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da hamsters da tarihin halitta yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye su da jin daɗin su. Ƙarfafa ikon mallakar dabbobi, kulawar da ta dace, da ayyukan kiwo na iya ba da gudummawa ga lafiya da farin ciki na waɗannan ƙananan halittu.
Shirye-shiryen ilimi da tsare-tsare na iya taimaka wa mutane su fahimci hamsters, buƙatun su, da rawar da suke takawa a cikin yanayin muhalli. Wannan ilimin zai iya haifar da ƙarin godiya ga waɗannan rodents masu ban sha'awa.
Kammalawa
Hamsters, tare da asalinsu a Turai da Asiya, sun samo asali zuwa rukuni daban-daban na jinsuna, kowannensu ya dace da yanayinsa na musamman. Gabatarwarsu game da cinikin dabbobi, musamman hamster na Siriya, ya nuna farkon shahararsu a matsayin dabbobin gida. Sun ba da gudummawa ga binciken kimiyya, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fahimtar haifuwa, kwayoyin halitta, da rudun circadian.
Hamsters kuma sun sami hanyar shiga shahararrun al'adu, suna fitowa a cikin adabi, zane-zane, talla, har ma a matsayin memes na intanet. Rokonsu na ci gaba da jan hankalin mutane na kowane zamani.
Yayin da muke duban gaba, yana da mahimmanci muyi la'akari da jin dadin hamsters a cikin daji da kuma zaman talala. Ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, da alhakin mallakar dabbobi, da ilimi suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan berayen masu ban sha'awa suna bunƙasa kuma ana godiya ga tsararraki masu zuwa. Hamsters, tare da asalinsu mai ƙasƙanci da fara'a, da gaske shaida ne ga mu'amala mai ban sha'awa tsakanin yanayi da al'adun ɗan adam.
