Intshayelelo: Yintoni Ihashe Lentsimbi?
Igama elithi "Iron Horse" libhekisa kwisitishi somoya, uhlobo lokuqala lothutho lukaloliwe oluqhutywa ziinjini zomphunga. Inqwelo kaloliwe yathiywa ngegama lesilwanyana esinamandla nesikhulu, ihashe, elathiywa endaweni yalo njengeyona ndlela yokuthutha abantu ngenkulungwane ye-19. I-Iron Horse yenza iinguqu kwishishini lezothutho, yenza uhambo olukhawulezayo, olusebenzayo, kunye nokuthembeka ngakumbi.
Imvelaphi yeHashe Lentsimbi
Imvelaphi yelocomotive yomphunga isukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 xa uThomas Newcomen wayeyila injini yokuqala yomphunga yokumpompa amanzi aphume emigodini. Kwada kwayinkulungwane ye-19 apho ii-injini zomphunga zaye zalungiselelwa ukuthutha. Umfuziselo wokuqala kaloliwe oqhutywa ngumphunga wenziwa nguRichard Trevithick ngowe-1804. Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala emva kokuba uGeorge Stephenson ephuhliswe injini yomphunga enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngowe-1814 awathi uloliwe waba yindlela yokuthutha.
IiLocomotives zokuQala ezine-Steam-Powered
Izitimela zokuqala eziqhutywa ngomphunga zaziyilelwe ukuthuthwa amalahle emigodini yaseNgilani. Isikhululo sikaloliwe sokuqala esasithwele abakhweli yayiyi-“Puffing Billy,” eyayisebenza kuloliwe iWylam Colliery eNorthumberland, eNgilani, ngowe-1813. Isikhululo sikaloliwe sasinesantya esiphezulu seekhilomitha ezintlanu ngeyure yaye sasikwazi ukuthwala abantu abali-10. Isikhululo sikaloliwe sokuqala esinempumelelo kwezorhwebo esiqhutywa ngomphunga yayiyi-“Rocket,” eyayilwa nguGeorge Stephenson ngowe-1829. Yayinesantya esiphezulu seemayile ezingama-29 ngeyure yaye yayisetyenziswa kwiLiverpool neManchester Railway.
Uphuhliso lweHashe lentsimbi eYurophu
Ukuphuhliswa kweHashe Lentsimbi eYurophu kwaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwasasazeka kwilizwekazi lonke. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, iindlela zikaloliwe zaziyeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthutha abakhweli nempahla. Ukwakhiwa koololiwe eYurophu kwaqhutywa kukukhula kwemizi-mveliso, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, nemfuneko yothutho olukhawulezayo nolunge ngakumbi.
Ukunyuka kweendlela zikaloliwe eUnited States
Ihashe lentsimbi libe nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lwaseUnited States. Iindlela zikaloliwe zavumela ilizwe ukuba lande ngasentshona, lidibanisa uluntu olukwanti kunye nokuvula iimarike ezintsha zeempahla neenkonzo. Umzila kaloliwe wokuqala eUnited States yayiyiBaltimore neOhio Railroad, eyaqalisa ukusebenza ngowe-1828. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iUnited States yayinothungelwano lomzila kaloliwe omkhulu ehlabathini, nomzila kaloliwe oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwama-200,000 XNUMX.
Impembelelo yeHashe lentsimbi kwezoThutho
I-Iron Horse yenza iinguqu kwezothutho, yenza ukuba uhambo lukhawuleze, lusebenze kakuhle kwaye luthembeke ngakumbi. Umzila kaloliwe wawuvumela abantu nempahla ukuba bahambe umgama omde kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili. I-Iron Horse nayo yenza ukuba izithuthi zifikeleleke ngakumbi, nto leyo eyavumela abantu namashishini ukuba bathuthe iimpahla kunye nabantu ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Iimpembelelo zezoQoqosho nezeNtlalo zeendlela zikaloliwe
Uphuhliso lwemigaqo kaloliwe lube nempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho nakuluntu. Iindlela zikaloliwe zadala imisebenzi, zakhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, zaze zaququzelela ukuthuthwa kwempahla nabantu kwilizwe liphela. Iindlela zikaloliwe zikwaququzelela ukukhula kwemimandla yasezidolophini, njengoko abantu babekwazi ukuhamba umgama omde nangakumbi ukuze bafumane umsebenzi namathuba.
Ihashe lentsimbi kwiNkcubeko edumileyo
Ihashe Lentsimbi ibiyinto ethandwayo kuncwadi, ifilimu, kunye nomculo. Yenziwe yothando njengophawu lwenkululeko, i-adventure, kunye nenkqubela phambili. I-Iron Horse iye yadibaniswa ne-American West, apho yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni umda.
Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji kuYilo lweLocomotive
Uyilo lweelocomotives zomphunga luqhubekile nokuvela kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-19 kunye nasekuqaleni kwama-20. Ukuphuculwa koyilo lwesitishi kwakuquka uphuhliso lweebhoyila ezinkulu, iinjini ezisebenza ngempumelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi endaweni yentsimbi xa kusakhiwa.
Ukuwohloka Kwehashe Lentsimbi
I-Iron Horse yaqala ukwehla phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 ngokunyuka kweemoto, iinqwelomoya, kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho. Oololiwe bajongana nokhuphiswano olwandisiweyo oluvela kwezinye iindlela zothutho kwaye bazabalaza ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kweemeko zemarike.
ULondolozo kunye noBuyiselo lweeLocomotives zeMbali
Ngaphandle kokuwohloka kweHashe Lentsimbi, izitimela ezininzi zembali ziye zalondolozwa zaza zabuyiselwa. Ezi zikhululo zikaloliwe zisisikhumbuzo sendima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa koololiwe kuphuhliso lwaseUnited States nakwamanye amazwe.
Isiphelo: Ilifa leHashe leNsimbi
I-Iron Horse yenza iinguqu kwezothutho, yakhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, yaza yaququzelela ukuthuthwa kwempahla nabantu kulo lonke ilizwe. Ilifa le-Iron Horse lisabonwa nanamhla kuhlobo lweenqwelo-mafutha ezigciniweyo kunye nokuqhubeka kusetyenziswa iindlela zikaloliwe kuthutho. Ihashe lentsimbi liya kuhlala likhunjulwa njengophawu lwenkqubela phambili kunye ne-adventure.
