Nhanganyaya: Sharks neOcean Environment
Sharki zvisikwa zvinofadza zvakagara mugungwa kwemakore anopfuura mamiriyoni e400. Ivo ndevekirasi Chondrichthyes uye vanoratidzwa necartilaginous skeleton, mashanu kusvika manomwe gill slits pamativi emusoro wavo, uye hunhu hwavo hwekupamba. Shark dzakashanduka kuti dzibudirire munharaunda yegungwa, vachishandisa mazino avo akapinza, shaya dzine simba, uye miviri yakanyoroveswa kuvhima uye kurarama munzvimbo yakakura yegungwa.
The Evolution of Sharks uye Magadzirirwo avo
Shark zvisikwa zvakasimukira zvakanyanya zvakajairana nenharaunda yavo yegungwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Miviri yadzo yakapfava uye miswe yakaita secrescent inodzibatsira kushambira mumvura zvakanaka, ukuwo magill adzo achidzibvumira kutora oxygen mumvura. Electroreception system yavo inovabvumira kuona masaini emagetsi anoburitswa nedzimwe mhuka mumvura, zvichivapa mukana kana vachivhima mhuka. Uyezve, mazino adzo akapinza uye shaya dzine simba zvinodzibvumira kudya mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hove, squid, uye mhuka dzomugungwa.
Basa reShark muOcean Ecosystem
Shark inoita basa rakakosha mugungwa ecosystem. Iwo apex zvikara zvinobatsira kudzora huwandu hwedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa, kuchengetedza hutano mune ecosystem. Nekudzora huwandu hwehove diki, shark dzinogona kudzivirira kuwandisa kwevanhu uye kuchengetedza hutano hwemakorari nemamwe nharaunda dzegungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mashaki akakosha ekutsvaira, anodya mhuka dzakafa uye anobatsira kuchengetedza gungwa rakachena.
Mhedziso Yehuwandu Hwezvino Shark
Pasinei nekukosha kwavo mumakungwa ecosystem, huwandu hweshark huri kudzikira. Maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), inenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chemhando dze shark nemwaranzi zviri panjodzi yekutsakatika. Kuredzesa hove nekuparadza pekugara ndizvo zviviri zvezvikonzero zvikuru zvekudzikira kwehuwandu hwe shark.
Mhedzisiro yeZviitwa Zvevanhu paVagari veShark
Zviitwa zvevanhu, sekuredza hove nekuparadza nzvimbo dzinogara mugungwa, zviri kukanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hweshaki. Shark dzinowanzobatwa senhamburiko mumambure okuredza uye dzinonangwawo zvimbi zvadzo, izvo zvinoshandiswa muto reshark fin. Pamusoro pezvo, kuparadzwa kwecoral reef nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemugungwa zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwemhuka inowanikwa kune shark, zvichiwedzera kuderera kwavo.
Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze uye Migumisiro Yayo paShark
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisawo huwandu hwe shark. Sezvo tembiricha yemugungwa inokwira, shark dzinomanikidzwa kutamira kumvura inotonhorera, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro avo echisikigo uye maitiro ekudya. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo acidification yegungwa inogona kukanganisa kugona kweshaki kuona mhuka, zvichiwedzera kukanganisa huwandu hwavo.
Overfishing uye Migumisiro Yayo kune Shark
Kuredza hove ndeimwe yekutyisidzira kukuru kune vanhu ve shark. Shark dzinowanzobatwa sedzisingadzoreki mumabasa ekutengesa hove, uye zvimbi zvadzo zvinokosheswa zvikuru mukutengeserana kweshark fin. Izvi zvakonzera kudzikira kukuru kwehuwandu hwemashark, nemamwe marudzi akatarisana nenjodzi yekutsakatika.
Izvo Zvinogona Kubatsira zveShark muOcean
Shark inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti kune ecosystem yegungwa. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kubatsira kudzora huwandu hwedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa, kudzivirira kuwandisa uye kuchengetedza hutano hwemakorari nemamwe nharaunda dzegungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mashaki akakosha ekutsvaira, anodya mhuka dzakafa uye anobatsira kuchengetedza gungwa rakachena.
Iwo Matambudziko Kudzoreredza Shark Populations
Kudzoreredza huwandu hwe shark ibasa rakaoma rinoda nzira ine mativi mazhinji. Nhamburiko dzekuderedza kuredza hove, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara mugungwa, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ese matanho akakosha mukuchengetedza huwandu hweshaki. Pamusoro pezvo, mishandirapamwe yedzidzo uye yekuzivisa inogona kubatsira kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kweshaki mumhepo yegungwa.
Basa Rekuedza Kuchengetedza Mukuchengetedza Shark
Kuedza kuchengetedza kwakakosha mukuchengetedza huwandu hweshark. Kuedza uku kunogona kusanganisira matanho ekuderedza kuredza, kudzivirira nzvimbo dzinogara mugungwa, uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, masangano ekuchengetedza anogona kushanda kuti azivise veruzhinji nezvekukosha kwe shark mugungwa reecosystem uye kusimudzira maitiro ekubata hove.
Mhedziso: Ramangwana reShark muOcean
Remangwana remashaki ari mugungwa harina kujeka, asi kuedza kuchengetedza kunopa tariro yokuchengetedzwa kwadzo. Nekudzikisa hove dzakawandisa, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara mugungwa, uye kudzikisira kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, tinogona kubatsira kudzoreredza huwandu hweshaki uye kuona kuti zvisikwa zvakakosha izvi zvinoramba zvichiita basa rakakosha mumhepo yegungwa.
References uye Kuwedzera Kuverenga
- International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2021). Sharks, rays uye chimaeras. IUCN Tsvuku Dzvuku dzeZvisikwa Zviri Kutyisidzirwa. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=12386&searchType=species
- Oceana. (2021). Sharks uye Rays. https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays
- Pacoureau, N., Rigby, C., Kyne, P. M., Sherley, R. B., Winker, H., & Huveneers, C. (2021). Kubata kwepasirese, kubiridzira mitengo, uye kuvakazve sarudzo dzemashaki. Hove neHove, 22(1), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12521
