Gabatarwa: Sharks da muhallin Tekun
Sharks halittu ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka wanzu a cikin teku fiye da shekaru miliyan 400. Suna cikin ajin Chondrichthyes kuma ana siffanta su da kwarangwal ɗin cartilaginous, guntun gill biyar zuwa bakwai a gefen kawunansu, da kuma dabi'arsu na farauta. Sharks sun samo asali don bunƙasa a cikin yanayin teku, suna amfani da haƙoransu masu kaifi, muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi, da raƙuman jikinsu don farauta da tsira a cikin sararin teku.
Juyin Halitta na Sharks da Daidaituwar su
Sharks halittu ne da suka inganta sosai waɗanda suka dace da yanayin tekunsu ta hanyoyi na musamman. Jikunansu masu kyau da wutsiya masu siffar jinjirin wata na taimaka musu wajen yin iyo cikin ruwa yadda ya kamata, yayin da gillarsu ke ba su damar fitar da iskar oxygen daga cikin ruwan. Tsarin su na karɓar lantarki yana ba su damar gano siginar lantarki da wasu dabbobi ke fitarwa a cikin ruwa, yana ba su dama yayin farautar ganima. Bugu da ƙari, haƙoransu masu kaifi da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi suna ba su damar cin ganima iri-iri, gami da kifi, squid, da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa.
Matsayin Sharks a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Teku
Sharks suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin yanayin teku. Su ne manyan mafarauta waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita yawan sauran dabbobin ruwa, suna kiyaye daidaiton lafiya a cikin yanayin muhalli. Ta hanyar sarrafa yawan ƙananan kifaye, sharks na iya hana yawan jama'a da kuma kare lafiyar murjani reefs da sauran wuraren ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, sharks suna da mahimmanci masu zazzagewa, cinye matattun dabbobi kuma suna taimakawa wajen tsabtace teku.
Bayanin Yawan Jama'ar Shark na Yanzu
Duk da mahimmancin su a cikin yanayin yanayin teku, yawancin al'ummar shark suna raguwa. A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN), kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na nau'in shark da ray suna cikin haɗarin bacewa. Fiye da kifaye da lalata wuraren zama sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar yawan kifin.
Tasirin Ayyukan Dan Adam Akan Yawan Shark
Ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar kifin kifaye fiye da kifaye da lalata wuraren zama na ruwa, suna yin tasiri sosai kan yawan kifin. Yawancin lokaci ana kama sharks kamar yadda ake kamawa a cikin tarun kamun kifi kuma ana kai musu hari, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin miya na shark. Bugu da ƙari, lalata murjani reefs da sauran wuraren zama na ruwa na iya haifar da raguwar ganimar da ake samu don kifin sharks, wanda ke ƙara tsananta raguwarsu.
Canjin yanayi da Illarsa akan Sharks
Canjin yanayi kuma yana yin tasiri ga yawan kifin. Yayin da yanayin yanayin teku ya hauhawa, ana tilasta sharks yin ƙaura zuwa ruwan sanyi, wanda zai iya tarwatsa dabi'arsu da tsarin ciyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, acidification na teku na iya rinjayar ikon sharks don gano ganima, yana ƙara yin tasiri ga al'ummarsu.
Fiye da kifaye da illolinsa ga Sharks
Fiye da kifaye na ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazana ga yawan kifin. Yawancin lokaci ana kama sharks kamar yadda ake kamawa a cikin ayyukan kamun kifi na kasuwanci, kuma finsu na da daraja sosai a cinikin kifin shark. Wannan ya haifar da raguwar yawan kifin shark, inda wasu nau'ikan ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa.
Fa'idodin Sharks a cikin Teku
Sharks suna ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga yanayin yanayin teku. Alal misali, za su iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan sauran dabbobin ruwa, da hana yawan jama'a da kuma kare lafiyar murjani reefs da sauran wuraren ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, sharks suna da mahimmanci masu zazzagewa, cinye matattun dabbobi kuma suna taimakawa wajen tsabtace teku.
Kalubalen Maido da Al'ummar Shark
Maido da yawan shark aiki ne mai ƙalubale wanda ke buƙatar tsari mai fuskoki da yawa. Ƙoƙarin rage yawan kamun kifin, da kare muhallin ruwa, da iyakance tasirin sauyin yanayi, duk matakai ne masu muhimmanci na kiyaye yawan kifin. Bugu da ƙari, yaƙin neman zaɓe na ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a na iya taimakawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimmancin sharks a cikin yanayin yanayin teku.
Matsayin Ƙoƙarin Kiyayewa wajen Kiyaye Sharks
Ƙoƙarin kiyayewa yana da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye yawan kifin. Wadannan yunƙurin na iya haɗawa da matakan rage yawan kamun kifi, da kare muhallin ruwa, da iyakance tasirin sauyin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa za su iya yin aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimmancin sharks a cikin yanayin yanayin teku da inganta ayyukan kamun kifi.
Kammalawa: Makomar Sharks a Tekun
Makomar sharks a cikin teku ba shi da tabbas, amma ƙoƙarin kiyayewa yana ba da bege don adana su. Ta hanyar rage yawan kifayen kifaye, da kare muhallin ruwa, da takaita tasirin sauyin yanayi, za mu iya taimakawa wajen maido da yawan kifin shark da tabbatar da cewa wadannan muhimman halittun sun ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayin yanayin teku.
Nassoshi da Karin Karatu
- Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta. (2021). Sharks, haskoki da chimaeras. IUCN Jajan Jerin Nauyin Barazana. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=12386&searchType=species
- Oceana. (2021). Sharks da Rays. https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays
- Pacoureau, N., Rigby, C., Kyne, PM, Sherley, RB, Winker, H., & Huveneers, C. (2021). Kama duniya, ƙimar amfani, da sake gina zaɓuɓɓuka don sharks. Kifi da Kifi, 22 (1), 151-169. doi.org/10.1111/faf.12521
